• About TC
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • TOS
  • Contact
Wednesday, July 2, 2025
Techcratic
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    Update on the AWS DeepRacer Student Portal

  • App Zone
    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Productivity Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Productivity Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Five new Apple products are launching early this year, here’s what’s coming

    Apple is launching 15+ new products this fall, here’s what’s coming

    iOS 26’s new Liquid Glass design looks like a major win for Apple

    iOS 26’s new Liquid Glass design looks like a major win for Apple

    OLED MacBook Pro still expected for 2026 release

    OLED MacBook Pro still expected for 2026 release

    Trump Vietnam deal, costs, AirPods, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac mini

    Trump Vietnam deal, costs, AirPods, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac mini

    iPadOS 26 is perfect for the larger iPad model that’s coming

    Apple’s ‘iPad Fold’ won’t be launching any time soon, per new report

    Messages iOS 26 vs iOS 18: Compared

    Messages iOS 26 vs iOS 18: Compared

    Best iPad Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    iPhone Fold in 2026 is probable, but iPad Fold is doubtful

    iPhone fold is in testing, due in 2026

    Best Prime Day Apple deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Prime Day Apple deals 2025: Early discounts

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    ORICO MiniTower 2 Bay RAID Enclosure Compatible NVMe SSD 10Gbps with Expansion Hub…

    ORICO MiniTower 2 Bay RAID Enclosure Compatible NVMe SSD 10Gbps with Expansion Hub…

    Blue Yeti USB Mic for Recording and Streaming on PC and Mac with Blue VOCE Effects, 4…

    Blue Yeti USB Mic for Recording and Streaming on PC and Mac with Blue VOCE Effects, 4…

    Lenovo V15 Laptop | 15.6″ FHD Anti-Glare Display | AMD Ryzen 7 7730U | 40GB RAM | 1TB…

    Lenovo V15 Laptop | 15.6″ FHD Anti-Glare Display | AMD Ryzen 7 7730U | 40GB RAM | 1TB…

    SABRENT 1TB Rocket Nano XTRM External SSD, USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt 3, Speeds Up to…

    SABRENT 1TB Rocket Nano XTRM External SSD, USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt 3, Speeds Up to…

    MIXAGE 64GB CompactFlash Card UDMA7, 120MB/s Read 45MB/s Write, 85TB TBW, for Canon…

    MIXAGE 64GB CompactFlash Card UDMA7, 120MB/s Read 45MB/s Write, 85TB TBW, for Canon…

    2Pack 3.5Ah Battery Replacement for Hitachi 10.8V-12V Battery BCL1015 BCL1015 BCL1015S…

    2Pack 3.5Ah Battery Replacement for Hitachi 10.8V-12V Battery BCL1015 BCL1015 BCL1015S…

    AC/DC Adapter for G-Technology G-Drive 0G03050 Thunderbolt 4TB G-Tech External Hard…

    AC/DC Adapter for G-Technology G-Drive 0G03050 Thunderbolt 4TB G-Tech External Hard…

    [Gigastone] Micro SD Card 32GB 5-Pack, Gaming Plus, MicroSDHC Memory Card for…

    [Gigastone] Micro SD Card 32GB 5-Pack, Gaming Plus, MicroSDHC Memory Card for…

    Skytech King 95 Gaming PC Desktop, Intel i7 14700F 2.1 GHz (5.3GHz Turbo), NVIDIA RTX…

    Skytech King 95 Gaming PC Desktop, Intel i7 14700F 2.1 GHz (5.3GHz Turbo), NVIDIA RTX…

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    Lower Center Console Organizer Tray for Tesla Model Y 2021-2024 & Model 3 2021-2023,…

    Lower Center Console Organizer Tray for Tesla Model Y 2021-2024 & Model 3 2021-2023,…

    Tesla unveils new cheaper, but nerfed ‘Long Range’ Cybertruck

    Tesla confirms Cybertruck sales are down to just ~5,000 units

    OEDRO Floor Mats Fit for Tesla Model 3 Highland 2024 2025, All Weather Waterproof…

    OEDRO Floor Mats Fit for Tesla Model 3 Highland 2024 2025, All Weather Waterproof…

    Tesla (TSLA) confirms 384,000 deliveries in Q2 2025, right on expectations

    Tesla (TSLA) confirms 384,000 deliveries in Q2 2025, right on expectations

    2025 Upgraded NACS to CCS Adapter, 500A/1000V, 250 kW DC Fast Charging for Ford, Rivian,…

    2025 Upgraded NACS to CCS Adapter, 500A/1000V, 250 kW DC Fast Charging for Ford, Rivian,…

    for Tesla Model 3 Floor mat, 3D Custom car mat for Model 3 2017-2025, All Weather Floor…

    for Tesla Model 3 Floor mat, 3D Custom car mat for Model 3 2017-2025, All Weather Floor…

    Metal Tesla Letters Emblem Trunk Logo Decal Tailgate Rear 3m Adhesive Compatible with…

    Metal Tesla Letters Emblem Trunk Logo Decal Tailgate Rear 3m Adhesive Compatible with…

    For Tesla Card Key Holder, Transparent Soft Card Key Cover for Model Y/3 Model S/X…

    For Tesla Card Key Holder, Transparent Soft Card Key Cover for Model Y/3 Model S/X…

    3PCS Trunk Bed Mat for Tesla Cybertruck Accessories,All-Weather Anti-Slip Cargo Liners…

    3PCS Trunk Bed Mat for Tesla Cybertruck Accessories,All-Weather Anti-Slip Cargo Liners…

  • UFO
    Interstellar Secrets of Ancient Civilizations | Ancient Aliens

    Interstellar Secrets of Ancient Civilizations | Ancient Aliens

    UFO Shape LED Dual Purpose Lamp, Portable Adjustable Light Color and Brightness Outdoor Lamp, Motion Sensor Night Lamp, Magnetic Fixation, Rechargeable Flying Saucer Shape Lamp (White)

    UFO Shape LED Dual Purpose Lamp, Portable Adjustable Light Color and Brightness Outdoor Lamp, Motion Sensor Night Lamp, Magnetic Fixation, Rechargeable Flying Saucer Shape Lamp (White)

    UFO – Unidentified Flying Object (Drum Cover)

    UFO – Unidentified Flying Object (Drum Cover)

    Mademark x MTV – Cryptid MTV Logo Featuring Bigfoot, UFO, Aliens & Nessie T-Shirt

    Mademark x MTV – Cryptid MTV Logo Featuring Bigfoot, UFO, Aliens & Nessie T-Shirt

    Area 51 Security Costume T-Shirt

    Area 51 Security Costume T-Shirt

    New UFO Sightings Caught on Camera in 2025! (Watch Closely)

    New UFO Sightings Caught on Camera in 2025! (Watch Closely)

    Area 51 Security t-Shirt, Extraterrestrial Being, UFO, Designed and Screen Printed in Los Angeles.

    Area 51 Security t-Shirt, Extraterrestrial Being, UFO, Designed and Screen Printed in Los Angeles.

    Top 5 Sky Phenomena That Look Straight Out of a Movie #shorts

    Top 5 Sky Phenomena That Look Straight Out of a Movie #shorts

    UFO Alien Holding Faceted Crystal Ball Pewter Statue Gray

    UFO Alien Holding Faceted Crystal Ball Pewter Statue Gray

No Result
View All Result
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    Update on the AWS DeepRacer Student Portal

  • App Zone
    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Productivity Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Productivity Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Five new Apple products are launching early this year, here’s what’s coming

    Apple is launching 15+ new products this fall, here’s what’s coming

    iOS 26’s new Liquid Glass design looks like a major win for Apple

    iOS 26’s new Liquid Glass design looks like a major win for Apple

    OLED MacBook Pro still expected for 2026 release

    OLED MacBook Pro still expected for 2026 release

    Trump Vietnam deal, costs, AirPods, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac mini

    Trump Vietnam deal, costs, AirPods, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac mini

    iPadOS 26 is perfect for the larger iPad model that’s coming

    Apple’s ‘iPad Fold’ won’t be launching any time soon, per new report

    Messages iOS 26 vs iOS 18: Compared

    Messages iOS 26 vs iOS 18: Compared

    Best iPad Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    iPhone Fold in 2026 is probable, but iPad Fold is doubtful

    iPhone fold is in testing, due in 2026

    Best Prime Day Apple deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Prime Day Apple deals 2025: Early discounts

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    ORICO MiniTower 2 Bay RAID Enclosure Compatible NVMe SSD 10Gbps with Expansion Hub…

    ORICO MiniTower 2 Bay RAID Enclosure Compatible NVMe SSD 10Gbps with Expansion Hub…

    Blue Yeti USB Mic for Recording and Streaming on PC and Mac with Blue VOCE Effects, 4…

    Blue Yeti USB Mic for Recording and Streaming on PC and Mac with Blue VOCE Effects, 4…

    Lenovo V15 Laptop | 15.6″ FHD Anti-Glare Display | AMD Ryzen 7 7730U | 40GB RAM | 1TB…

    Lenovo V15 Laptop | 15.6″ FHD Anti-Glare Display | AMD Ryzen 7 7730U | 40GB RAM | 1TB…

    SABRENT 1TB Rocket Nano XTRM External SSD, USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt 3, Speeds Up to…

    SABRENT 1TB Rocket Nano XTRM External SSD, USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt 3, Speeds Up to…

    MIXAGE 64GB CompactFlash Card UDMA7, 120MB/s Read 45MB/s Write, 85TB TBW, for Canon…

    MIXAGE 64GB CompactFlash Card UDMA7, 120MB/s Read 45MB/s Write, 85TB TBW, for Canon…

    2Pack 3.5Ah Battery Replacement for Hitachi 10.8V-12V Battery BCL1015 BCL1015 BCL1015S…

    2Pack 3.5Ah Battery Replacement for Hitachi 10.8V-12V Battery BCL1015 BCL1015 BCL1015S…

    AC/DC Adapter for G-Technology G-Drive 0G03050 Thunderbolt 4TB G-Tech External Hard…

    AC/DC Adapter for G-Technology G-Drive 0G03050 Thunderbolt 4TB G-Tech External Hard…

    [Gigastone] Micro SD Card 32GB 5-Pack, Gaming Plus, MicroSDHC Memory Card for…

    [Gigastone] Micro SD Card 32GB 5-Pack, Gaming Plus, MicroSDHC Memory Card for…

    Skytech King 95 Gaming PC Desktop, Intel i7 14700F 2.1 GHz (5.3GHz Turbo), NVIDIA RTX…

    Skytech King 95 Gaming PC Desktop, Intel i7 14700F 2.1 GHz (5.3GHz Turbo), NVIDIA RTX…

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    Lower Center Console Organizer Tray for Tesla Model Y 2021-2024 & Model 3 2021-2023,…

    Lower Center Console Organizer Tray for Tesla Model Y 2021-2024 & Model 3 2021-2023,…

    Tesla unveils new cheaper, but nerfed ‘Long Range’ Cybertruck

    Tesla confirms Cybertruck sales are down to just ~5,000 units

    OEDRO Floor Mats Fit for Tesla Model 3 Highland 2024 2025, All Weather Waterproof…

    OEDRO Floor Mats Fit for Tesla Model 3 Highland 2024 2025, All Weather Waterproof…

    Tesla (TSLA) confirms 384,000 deliveries in Q2 2025, right on expectations

    Tesla (TSLA) confirms 384,000 deliveries in Q2 2025, right on expectations

    2025 Upgraded NACS to CCS Adapter, 500A/1000V, 250 kW DC Fast Charging for Ford, Rivian,…

    2025 Upgraded NACS to CCS Adapter, 500A/1000V, 250 kW DC Fast Charging for Ford, Rivian,…

    for Tesla Model 3 Floor mat, 3D Custom car mat for Model 3 2017-2025, All Weather Floor…

    for Tesla Model 3 Floor mat, 3D Custom car mat for Model 3 2017-2025, All Weather Floor…

    Metal Tesla Letters Emblem Trunk Logo Decal Tailgate Rear 3m Adhesive Compatible with…

    Metal Tesla Letters Emblem Trunk Logo Decal Tailgate Rear 3m Adhesive Compatible with…

    For Tesla Card Key Holder, Transparent Soft Card Key Cover for Model Y/3 Model S/X…

    For Tesla Card Key Holder, Transparent Soft Card Key Cover for Model Y/3 Model S/X…

    3PCS Trunk Bed Mat for Tesla Cybertruck Accessories,All-Weather Anti-Slip Cargo Liners…

    3PCS Trunk Bed Mat for Tesla Cybertruck Accessories,All-Weather Anti-Slip Cargo Liners…

  • UFO
    Interstellar Secrets of Ancient Civilizations | Ancient Aliens

    Interstellar Secrets of Ancient Civilizations | Ancient Aliens

    UFO Shape LED Dual Purpose Lamp, Portable Adjustable Light Color and Brightness Outdoor Lamp, Motion Sensor Night Lamp, Magnetic Fixation, Rechargeable Flying Saucer Shape Lamp (White)

    UFO Shape LED Dual Purpose Lamp, Portable Adjustable Light Color and Brightness Outdoor Lamp, Motion Sensor Night Lamp, Magnetic Fixation, Rechargeable Flying Saucer Shape Lamp (White)

    UFO – Unidentified Flying Object (Drum Cover)

    UFO – Unidentified Flying Object (Drum Cover)

    Mademark x MTV – Cryptid MTV Logo Featuring Bigfoot, UFO, Aliens & Nessie T-Shirt

    Mademark x MTV – Cryptid MTV Logo Featuring Bigfoot, UFO, Aliens & Nessie T-Shirt

    Area 51 Security Costume T-Shirt

    Area 51 Security Costume T-Shirt

    New UFO Sightings Caught on Camera in 2025! (Watch Closely)

    New UFO Sightings Caught on Camera in 2025! (Watch Closely)

    Area 51 Security t-Shirt, Extraterrestrial Being, UFO, Designed and Screen Printed in Los Angeles.

    Area 51 Security t-Shirt, Extraterrestrial Being, UFO, Designed and Screen Printed in Los Angeles.

    Top 5 Sky Phenomena That Look Straight Out of a Movie #shorts

    Top 5 Sky Phenomena That Look Straight Out of a Movie #shorts

    UFO Alien Holding Faceted Crystal Ball Pewter Statue Gray

    UFO Alien Holding Faceted Crystal Ball Pewter Statue Gray

No Result
View All Result
Techcratic
No Result
View All Result
Home Hacker News

A short introduction to Interval Tree Clocks

Hacker News by Hacker News
November 24, 2024
in Hacker News
Reading Time: 5 mins read
121
A A
0

2024-11-22 05:04:00
blog.separateconcerns.com

published 2017-05-07,
updated 2024-11-24
[ home ]

This post is a rough transcription of a lightning talk I gave at dotScale
2017
.

EDIT (2024-11-24): this post is on HN today.
For people finding this now, Lima has shut down since then.

One of the things I work on at Lima is master-master
filesystem replication. In this kind of system, we need to
track causality. In a nutshell,
given two events modifying a given piece of data and originating from different
nodes in the system, we want to know if one of those events could have
influenced the other one, or in other words if one of those events
“happened before” the other
one.

To do that, we use constructs such as
Version vectors. The idea is
that we give each node in the system a globally unique identifier, and we
associate it to a counter.

Version Vector

When an event modifying data on a node occurs,
we increment the local value of the corresponding counter by one.

inc

Version Vectors are partially ordered. Given two vectors, if we can find one
such that, for every node, its counter is higher than the other one, then
we say it descends the other one, meaning the related event “happened after”
the other one. Otherwise, we say that the vectors are concurrent, and typically
that means we will probably have some kind of data conflict to solve.

compare

When we merge data changes we also merge the vectors, and to do so we take
the maximum value of the counter for every node.

merge

This works fine in most cases, but there is one case where it breaks down:
highly dynamic systems experiencing a lot of churn. This means systems where
nodes join the system, modify some data, then leave forever. The issue with
such systems is that, even though there may not be a lot of active devices at
any given point in time, the number of unique node identifiers in version
vectors keeps increasing. We call that issue actor explosion.

Interval Tree Clocks are an attempt to solve this problem. Instead of
giving a unique identifier to every node in the system, we take the
real-valued interval [0, 1] and attribute a part of it (not necessarily
contiguous) to every node. On top of it, we draw an integer-valued curve.
We call the combination of the interval share and the curve a stamp.

stamp

To add a new node to the system, we start from an existing node and we fork it,
meaning we give part of its share of the interval to the new node.

fork

When an event occurs on a node, it increases the height of the curve of its
copy of the stamp anywhere within its share of the interval. Comparison works
similarly to Version Vectors: if the curve of a stamp is above the other one,
it descends it, otherwise the curves intersect and the stamps are concurrent.

When a node wants to leave the system, it merges back with any other node and
surrenders its share of the interval. To merge, we just take the maximum
curve.

join

The beauty of this scheme is that a node only has to know about its share of
the interval, not information about all other nodes. There are no globally
unique node identifiers.

If we choose how we increase the height of the curve when an event occurs in a
clever way which I will not detail here, we can ensure the complexity of the
curve remains low. We can then encode it efficiently using a tree-shaped data
structure and a custom binary format, with a size that depends more on the
number of nodes interacting with the data at a given point in time than
on the overall number of nodes which have touched it since inception.

results

If you want to know more, I encourage you to read
the 2008 paper by Paulo Sérgio
Almeida, Carlos Baquero and Victor Fonte; it is one of the best I know on the
topic of causality. You can also check out my Lua implementation of
ITC
or one of the other implementations
linked in the README.

EDIT (2024-11-24): other interesting resources are this slide deck by Carlos Baquero
and those posts by Fred Hebert.


Keep your files stored safely and securely with the SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD. With over 69,505 ratings and an impressive 4.6 out of 5 stars, this product has been purchased over 8K+ times in the past month. At only $129.99, this Amazon’s Choice product is a must-have for secure file storage.

Help keep private content private with the included password protection featuring 256-bit AES hardware encryption. Order now for just $129.99 on Amazon!


Source Link

Support Techcratic

If you find value in Techcratic’s insights and articles, consider supporting us with Bitcoin. Your support helps me, as a solo operator, continue delivering high-quality content while managing all the technical aspects, from server maintenance to blog writing, future updates, and improvements. Support Innovation! Thank you.

Bitcoin Address:

bc1qlszw7elx2qahjwvaryh0tkgg8y68enw30gpvge

Please verify this address before sending funds.

Bitcoin QR Code

Simply scan the QR code below to support Techcratic.

Bitcoin QR code for donations

Please read the Privacy and Security Disclaimer on how Techcratic handles your support.

Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, Techcratic may earn from qualifying purchases.

Tags: Hacker News
Share162Share28ShareShare4ShareTweet101
Previous Post

Heartwarming Rescue: Dying Cat and Kittens' Unbelievable Journey!

Next Post

40 NEW Ways to Play The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild | Austin John Plays

Hacker News

Hacker News

Stay updated with Hacker News, where technology meets entrepreneurial spirit. Get the latest on tech trends, startup news, and discussions from the tech community. Read the latest updates here at Techcratic.

Related Posts

enumura1/chatbot-flow-editor: Visual chatbot flow editor. GUI tool for designing chatbot flows. Create, test, and export as JSON.
Hacker News

enumura1/chatbot-flow-editor: Visual chatbot flow editor. GUI tool for designing chatbot flows. Create, test, and export as JSON.

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Tesla (TSLA) Q2 vehicle deliveries report
Hacker News

Tesla (TSLA) Q2 vehicle deliveries report

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Hackers Target Linux SSH Servers to Deploy TinyProxy and Sing-box Proxy Tools
Hacker News

Hackers Target Linux SSH Servers to Deploy TinyProxy and Sing-box Proxy Tools

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Full-system emulated fuzzing of Qualcomm basebands
Hacker News

Full-system emulated fuzzing of Qualcomm basebands

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Bots Now Account for 30% of Global Web Traffic, Surpassing Human Activity in Some Regions
Hacker News

Bots Now Account for 30% of Global Web Traffic, Surpassing Human Activity in Some Regions

July 2, 2025
1.3k
FileFix Attack Exploits Windows Browser Loophole to Evade Mark-of-the-Web Security
Hacker News

FileFix Attack Exploits Windows Browser Loophole to Evade Mark-of-the-Web Security

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Anthropic MCP Inspector Vulnerability Lets Hackers Run Arbitrary Code Remotely
Hacker News

Anthropic MCP Inspector Vulnerability Lets Hackers Run Arbitrary Code Remotely

July 2, 2025
1.3k
Building a Personal AI Factory (July 2025 snapshot)
Hacker News

Building a Personal AI Factory (July 2025 snapshot)

July 1, 2025
1.3k
Load More
Next Post
40 NEW Ways to Play The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild | Austin John Plays

40 NEW Ways to Play The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild | Austin John Plays

Your Tech Resources

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Forbes
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo
  • Google News
  • Hacker News
  • Harvard Tech
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • LifeHacker
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • PC World
  • Photofocus
  • Physics
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • Robot Report
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Art
  • Tech Careers
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Tech News

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • Apple Insider
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • ExtremeTech
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo

Tech News

  • Harvard Tech
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • Physics
  • PC World
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Careers

Tech News​

  • Tech Art
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Site Links

  • About Techcratic
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Affiliate Link Policy
  • Contact Techcratic
  • Dealors Discount Store
  • Privacy and Security Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • RSS Feed
  • Site Map
  • Support Techcratic
  • Techcratic
  • Tech Deals
  • TOS
  • 𝕏
Click For A Secret Deal

Techcratic – Your All In One Tech Hub © 2020 – 2025
All Rights Reserved
∞

No Result
View All Result
  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Gaming
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • Tesla
  • UFO
  • Wired