• About TC
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • TOS
  • Contact
Sunday, July 6, 2025
Techcratic
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Transforming network operations with AI: How Swisscom built a network assistant using Amazon Bedrock

    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

  • App Zone

    Top 3 Dev Tool Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Yes, you can run Windows 11 on your Mac — and it’s only $15

    Run Windows apps on your Mac with Windows 11 Pro — now just $9.97

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    1PC Rear Bed Cooler Storage Box Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 Oxford Waterproof…

    1PC Rear Bed Cooler Storage Box Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 Oxford Waterproof…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

  • UFO
    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    ERIN MONTGOMERY –  Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    ERIN MONTGOMERY – Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration  #masterclass

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration #masterclass

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

No Result
View All Result
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Transforming network operations with AI: How Swisscom built a network assistant using Amazon Bedrock

    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

  • App Zone

    Top 3 Dev Tool Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Yes, you can run Windows 11 on your Mac — and it’s only $15

    Run Windows apps on your Mac with Windows 11 Pro — now just $9.97

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    1PC Rear Bed Cooler Storage Box Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 Oxford Waterproof…

    1PC Rear Bed Cooler Storage Box Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 Oxford Waterproof…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

  • UFO
    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    ERIN MONTGOMERY –  Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    ERIN MONTGOMERY – Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration  #masterclass

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration #masterclass

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

No Result
View All Result
Techcratic
No Result
View All Result
Home MIT Tech

MIT engineers develop a fully 3D-printed electrospray engine | MIT News

MIT Tech by MIT Tech
February 12, 2025
in MIT Tech
Reading Time: 7 mins read
128
A A
0

Adam Zewe | MIT News
2025-02-12 00:00:00
news.mit.edu

An electrospray engine applies an electric field to a conductive liquid, generating a high-speed jet of tiny droplets that can propel a spacecraft. These miniature engines are ideal for small satellites called CubeSats that are often used in academic research.

Since electrospray engines utilize propellant more efficiently than the powerful, chemical rockets used on the launchpad, they are better suited for precise, in-orbit maneuvers. The thrust generated by an electrospray emitter is tiny, so electrospray engines typically use an array of emitters that are uniformly operated in parallel.

However, these multiplexed electrospray thrusters are typically made via expensive and time-consuming semiconductor cleanroom fabrication, which limits who can manufacture them and how the devices can be applied.

To help break down barriers to space research, MIT engineers have demonstrated the first fully 3D-printed, droplet-emitting electrospray engine. Their device, which can be produced rapidly and for a fraction of the cost of traditional thrusters, uses commercially accessible 3D printing materials and techniques. The devices could even be fully made in orbit, as 3D printing is compatible with in-space manufacturing.

By developing a modular process that combines two 3D printing methods, the researchers overcame the challenges involved in fabricating a complex device comprised of macroscale and microscale components that must work together seamlessly.

Their proof-of-concept thruster comprises 32 electrospray emitters that operate together, generating a stable and uniform flow of propellant. The 3D-printed device generated as much or more thrust than existing droplet-emitting electrospray engines. With this technology, astronauts might quickly print an engine for a satellite without needing to wait for one to be sent up from Earth. 

“Using semiconductor manufacturing doesn’t match up with the idea of low-cost access to space. We want to democratize space hardware. In this work, we are proposing a way to make high-performance hardware with manufacturing techniques that are available to more players,” says Luis Fernando Velásquez-García, a principal research scientist in MIT’s Microsystems Technology Laboratories (MTL) and senior author of a paper describing the thrusters, which appears in Advanced Science.

He is joined on the paper by lead author Hyeonseok Kim, an MIT graduate student in mechanical engineering.

A modular approach

An electrospray engine has a reservoir of propellant that flows through microfluidic channels to a series of emitters. An electrostatic field is applied at the tip of each emitter, triggering an electrohydrodynamic effect that shapes the free surface of the liquid into a cone-shaped meniscus that ejects a stream of high-speed charged droplets from its apex, producing thrust.

The emitter tips need to be as sharp as possible to attain the electrohydrodynamic ejection of propellant at a low voltage. The device also requires a complex hydraulic system to store and regulate the flow of liquid, efficiently shuttling propellant through microfluidic channels.

The emitter array is composed of eight emitter modules. Each emitter module contains an array of four individual emitters that must work in unison, forming a larger system of interconnected modules.

“Using a one-size-fits-all fabrication approach doesn’t work because these subsystems are at different scales. Our key insight was to blend additive manufacturing methods to achieve the desired outcomes, then come up with a way to interface everything so the parts work together as efficiently as possible,” Velásquez-García says.

To accomplish this, the researchers utilized two different types of vat photo polymerization printing (VPP). VPP involves shining light onto a photosensitive resin, which solidifies to form 3D structures with smooth, high-resolution features.

The researchers fabricated the emitter modules using a VPP method called two-photon printing. This technique utilizes a highly focused laser beam to solidify resin in a precisely defined area, building a 3D structure one tiny brick, or voxel, at a time. This level of detail enabled them to produce extremely sharp emitter tips and narrow, uniform capillaries to carry propellant.

The emitter modules are fitted into a rectangular casing called a manifold block, which holds each in place and supplies the emitters with propellant. The manifold block also integrates the emitter modules with the extractor electrode that triggers propellant ejection from the emitter tips when a suitable voltage is applied. Fabricating the larger manifold block using two-photon printing would be infeasible because of the method’s low throughput and limited printing volume.

Instead, the researchers used a technique called digital light processing, which utilizes a chip-sized projector to shine light into the resin, solidifying one layer of the 3D structure at a time.

“Each technology works very well at a certain scale. Combining them, so they work together to produce one device, lets us take the best of each method,” Velásquez-García says.

Propelling performance

But 3D printing the electrospray engine components is only half the battle. The researchers also conducted chemical experiments to ensure the printing materials were compatible with the conductive liquid propellant. If not, the propellant might corrode the engine or cause it to crack, which is undesirable for hardware meant for long-term operation with little to no maintenance.

They also developed a method to clamp the separate parts together in a way that avoids misalignments which could hamper performance and ensures the device remains watertight.

In the end, their 3D-printed prototype was able to generate thrust more efficiently than larger, more expensive chemical rockets and outperformed existing droplet electrospray engines.

The researchers also investigated how adjusting the pressure of propellant and modulating the voltage applied to the engine affected the flow of droplets. Surprisingly, they achieved a wider range of thrust by modulating the voltage. This could eliminate the need for a complex network of pipes, valves, or pressure signals to regulate the flow of liquid, leading to a lighter, cheaper electrospray thruster that is also more efficient.

“We were able to show that a simpler thruster can achieve better results,” Velásquez-García says.

The researchers want to continue exploring the benefits of voltage modulation in future work. They also want to fabricate denser and larger arrays of emitter modules. In addition, they may explore the use of multiple electrodes to decouple the process of triggering of the electrohydrodynamic ejection of propellant from setting up the shape and speed of the emitted jet. In the long run, they also hope to demonstrate a CubeSat that utilizes a fully 3D-printed electrospray engine during its operation and deorbiting.

This research is funded, in part, by a MathWorks fellowship and the NewSat Project, and was carried out, in part, using MIT.nano facilities.

Source Link


Upgrade your audio game with the Logitech for Creators Blue Yeti USB Microphone. With over 33,730 ratings and an impressive 4.6 out of 5 stars, it’s no wonder this is an Amazon’s Choice product. Recently, 5K+ units were purchased in the past month.

Available in five stunning colors: Teal, Silver, Pink Dawn, Midnight Blue, and Blackout, this microphone is perfect for creators looking to produce exceptional audio. Priced at only $84.99, it’s a deal you can’t afford to miss.

Elevate your recordings with clear broadcast-quality sound and explore your creativity with enhanced effects, advanced modulation, and HD audio samples. Order now for just $84.99 on Amazon!


Start your free Amazon Prime trial
today and unlock unlimited streaming and more!

Help Power Techcratic’s Future – Scan To Support

If Techcratic’s content and insights have helped you, consider giving back by supporting the platform with crypto. Every contribution makes a difference, whether it’s for high-quality content, server maintenance, or future updates. Techcratic is constantly evolving, and your support helps drive that progress.

As a solo operator who wears all the hats, creating content, managing the tech, and running the site, your support allows me to stay focused on delivering valuable resources. Your support keeps everything running smoothly and enables me to continue creating the content you love. I’m deeply grateful for your support, it truly means the world to me! Thank you!

BITCOIN

Bitcoin Logo

Bitcoin QR Code

bc1qlszw7elx2qahjwvaryh0tkgg8y68enw30gpvge

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

DOGECOIN

Dogecoin Logo

Dogecoin QR Code

D64GwvvYQxFXYyan3oQCrmWfidf6T3JpBA

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

ETHEREUM

Ethereum Logo

Ethereum QR Code

0xe9BC980DF3d985730dA827996B43E4A62CCBAA7a

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

Please read the Privacy and Security Disclaimer on how Techcratic handles your support.

Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, Techcratic may earn from qualifying purchases.

Tags: MIT Tech
Share162Share28ShareShare4ShareTweet101
Previous Post

Oppo Find X9 series tipped to comprise four models, including a Plus variant

Next Post

Unwrapping Bitcoin’s Potential: A Conversation With Z Liu of Bit Global Trust

MIT Tech

MIT Tech

Discover cutting-edge research and technological breakthroughs with MIT Tech. Explore innovative projects and academic insights shaping the future of technology. Stay informed with the latest articles here at Techcratic.

Related Posts

3 Questions: How MIT’s venture studio is partnering with MIT labs to solve “holy grail” problems | MIT News
MIT Tech

3 Questions: How MIT’s venture studio is partnering with MIT labs to solve “holy grail” problems | MIT News

July 2, 2025
1.3k
New method combines imaging and sequencing to study gene function in intact tissue | MIT News
MIT Tech

New method combines imaging and sequencing to study gene function in intact tissue | MIT News

June 30, 2025
1.3k
Faces of MIT: Ylana Lopez | MIT News
MIT Tech

Faces of MIT: Ylana Lopez | MIT News

June 27, 2025
1.3k
Face-to-face with Es Devlin | MIT News
MIT Tech

Face-to-face with Es Devlin | MIT News

June 26, 2025
1.3k
Travels with Rambax | MIT Technology Review
MIT Tech

Travels with Rambax | MIT Technology Review

June 25, 2025
1.3k
Art rhymes
MIT Tech

Art rhymes

June 24, 2025
1.3k
An epic year for women’s sports
MIT Tech

An epic year for women’s sports

June 24, 2025
1.3k
LLMs factor in unrelated information when recommending medical treatments | MIT News
MIT Tech

LLMs factor in unrelated information when recommending medical treatments | MIT News

June 23, 2025
1.3k
Load More
Next Post
Unwrapping Bitcoin’s Potential: A Conversation With Z Liu of Bit Global Trust

Unwrapping Bitcoin’s Potential: A Conversation With Z Liu of Bit Global Trust

Your Tech Resources

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Forbes
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo
  • Google News
  • Hacker News
  • Harvard Tech
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • LifeHacker
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • PC World
  • Photofocus
  • Physics
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • Robot Report
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Art
  • Tech Careers
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Tech News

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • Apple Insider
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • ExtremeTech
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo

Tech News

  • Harvard Tech
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • Physics
  • PC World
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Careers

Tech News​

  • Tech Art
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Site Links

  • About Techcratic
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Affiliate Link Policy
  • Contact Techcratic
  • Dealors Discount Store
  • Privacy and Security Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • RSS Feed
  • Site Map
  • Support Techcratic
  • Techcratic
  • Tech Deals
  • TOS
  • 𝕏
Click For A Secret Deal

Techcratic – Your All In One Tech Hub © 2020 – 2025
All Rights Reserved
∞

No Result
View All Result
  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Gaming
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • Tesla
  • UFO
  • Wired