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Tuesday, July 15, 2025
Techcratic
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  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Building End-to-End Data Pipelines: From Data Ingestion to Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    How Rapid7 automates vulnerability risk scores with ML pipelines using Amazon SageMaker AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Build a conversational data assistant, Part 2 – Embedding generative business intelligence with Amazon Q in QuickSight

    Artificial Intelligence

    Enabling Differentially Private Federated Learning for Speech Recognition: Benchmarks, Adaptive Optimizers, and Gradient Clipping

    Artificial Intelligence

    Overcoming Vocabulary Constraints with Pixel-level Fallback

    Artificial Intelligence

    Uphold ethical standards in fashion using multimodal toxicity detection with Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    10 Surprising Things You Can Do with Python’s datetime Module

    Artificial Intelligence

    New capabilities in Amazon SageMaker AI continue to transform how organizations develop AI models

    Artificial Intelligence

    Unlock retail intelligence by transforming data into actionable insights using generative AI with Amazon Q Business

  • Apple

    July 15, 2025 – Apple leadership, Mac growth

    iOS 26 public beta rumored to launch next week

    iOS 26 public beta rumored to launch next week

    Future Apple Watch or iPhone may gain a camera that’s completely hidden when not in use

    Future Apple Watch or iPhone may gain a camera that’s completely hidden when not in use

    iOS 26 gives Apple’s Reminders app a new, faster way to add tasks

    iOS 26 gives Apple’s Reminders app a new, faster way to add tasks

    iPhone 17: Titanium is coming to just one model, and it’s a surprising choice

    iPhone 17: Titanium is coming to just one model, and it’s a surprising choice

    Ultimate Edition’ coming to the Mac on July 17

    Ultimate Edition’ coming to the Mac on July 17

    Samsung reportedly gearing up to produce foldable iPhone displays

    Samsung reportedly gearing up to produce foldable iPhone displays

    How a MacBook with an iPhone chip can redefine Apple’s budget line

    How a MacBook with an iPhone chip can redefine Apple’s budget line

    Apple @ Work Podcast: Fleet launches iOS device management

    Apple @ Work Podcast: WebAI puts LLM power in the hands of your IT team

  • ComputerWorld
    How agentic AI will change IT support roles – Computerworld

    How agentic AI will change IT support roles – Computerworld

    Apple’s done innovating? Be serious – Computerworld

    Apple’s done innovating? Be serious – Computerworld

    For July, a ‘big, broad’ Patch Tuesday release – Computerworld

    For July, a ‘big, broad’ Patch Tuesday release – Computerworld

    AI coding tools can slow down seasoned developers by 19%

    AI coding tools can slow down seasoned developers by 19%

    Will IT turn the AI bot battle into a money maker? (And is that even a good idea?) – Computerworld

    Will IT turn the AI bot battle into a money maker? (And is that even a good idea?) – Computerworld

    Tariff uncertainty hits US PC shipments in Q2 – Computerworld

    Tariff uncertainty hits US PC shipments in Q2 – Computerworld

    The fast way to fix a frozen Start menu or taskbar in Windows – Computerworld

    The fast way to fix a frozen Start menu or taskbar in Windows – Computerworld

    Microsoft’s 19-hour Outlook outage exposes fragility in cloud infrastructure – Computerworld

    Microsoft’s 19-hour Outlook outage exposes fragility in cloud infrastructure – Computerworld

    A magically minimalist Android makeover – Computerworld

    A magically minimalist Android makeover – Computerworld

  • Gaming
    The Legend of Zelda Minish Cap – Part 15 Mole mitts

    The Legend of Zelda Minish Cap – Part 15 Mole mitts

    The Nintendo DS had it right all along: Ayaneo launches Flip 1S DS and Flip 1S KB, two new clamshell handheld gaming PCs with prices to make your teeth clench

    The Nintendo DS had it right all along: Ayaneo launches Flip 1S DS and Flip 1S KB, two new clamshell handheld gaming PCs with prices to make your teeth clench

    A Delayed Puzzle – Zelda Breath Of The Wild Walkthrough – Solve Kema Zoos Shrine Puzzle

    A Delayed Puzzle – Zelda Breath Of The Wild Walkthrough – Solve Kema Zoos Shrine Puzzle

    Destiny 2 The Desert Perpetual raid release date and time

    Destiny 2 The Desert Perpetual raid release date and time

    GTA 6 Trailer 2: Release Date Confirmed & Official Screenshots!

    GTA 6 Trailer 2: Release Date Confirmed & Official Screenshots!

    As if being worth $4 trillion isn’t enough, Nvidia claims the US government says it can start selling AI GPUs to China again

    As if being worth $4 trillion isn’t enough, Nvidia claims the US government says it can start selling AI GPUs to China again

    GOW  Ragnarok Valhalla (DLC) Gameplay/Walkthrough – No Commentary –  Part 7 (1080p 60fps on Ultra)

    GOW Ragnarok Valhalla (DLC) Gameplay/Walkthrough – No Commentary – Part 7 (1080p 60fps on Ultra)

    US Defense Department awards $200 million contract to Elon Musk’s Grok aka ‘MechaHitler’ and is looking forward to deploying it ‘in our warfighting domain’

    US Defense Department awards $200 million contract to Elon Musk’s Grok aka ‘MechaHitler’ and is looking forward to deploying it ‘in our warfighting domain’

    Why God Of War Ragnarok Will Be One Of THE BEST Games Of 2022 | God Of War Ragnarok Review Roundup

    Why God Of War Ragnarok Will Be One Of THE BEST Games Of 2022 | God Of War Ragnarok Review Roundup

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Art
    Virtual Reality is Not What You Think

    Virtual Reality is Not What You Think

    MAJU TALK EPISODE # 2   I  Media and Art Industry Role in Pakistan

    MAJU TALK EPISODE # 2 I Media and Art Industry Role in Pakistan

    Draw A Lotus Flower in Ms Paint | Kamal Kaa Phool Ms Paint Me Kaise Bnaye

    Draw A Lotus Flower in Ms Paint | Kamal Kaa Phool Ms Paint Me Kaise Bnaye

    INSIDE Mirror Mirror: ArtScience Museum's NEW interactive exhibition

    INSIDE Mirror Mirror: ArtScience Museum's NEW interactive exhibition

    Woman Having a Hard Time: Falon Stutzman @ Megan Mulrooney Gallery, Los Angeles

    Woman Having a Hard Time: Falon Stutzman @ Megan Mulrooney Gallery, Los Angeles

    Creating a 3D VENOM Sculpture in Zbrush | Timelapse

    Creating a 3D VENOM Sculpture in Zbrush | Timelapse

    Alicja Kwade: Geologies of the Impossible

    Alicja Kwade: Geologies of the Impossible

    [SWTT] Generative Art NFT Tutorial

    [SWTT] Generative Art NFT Tutorial

    Using Unreal Engine 4 for CONCEPT ART – Full Process Video | From Zero to Concept Art

    Using Unreal Engine 4 for CONCEPT ART – Full Process Video | From Zero to Concept Art

  • Tech Deals
    LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens – Xbox 360 Standard Edition

    LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens – Xbox 360 Standard Edition

    Western Digital 10TB WD Purple Surveillance Internal Hard Drive HDD – SATA 6 Gb/s, 256…

    Western Digital 10TB WD Purple Surveillance Internal Hard Drive HDD – SATA 6 Gb/s, 256…

    NexStar 6G, 2.5” SATA III to USB 3.2 Gen1 External SSD/HDD Enclosure, ID: Black

    NexStar 6G, 2.5” SATA III to USB 3.2 Gen1 External SSD/HDD Enclosure, ID: Black

    Toshiba Canvio Basics 4TB Portable External Hard Drive USB 3.0, Black – HDTB540XK3CA

    Toshiba Canvio Basics 4TB Portable External Hard Drive USB 3.0, Black – HDTB540XK3CA

    Vansuny 64GB Type C Flash Drive 2 in 1 OTG USB 3.0 + USB C Memory Stick with Keychain…

    Vansuny 64GB Type C Flash Drive 2 in 1 OTG USB 3.0 + USB C Memory Stick with Keychain…

    SABRENT USB C to USB C Charging Cable with Smart Display, 2M/6.6FT Long, E-Marker Chip,…

    SABRENT USB C to USB C Charging Cable with Smart Display, 2M/6.6FT Long, E-Marker Chip,…

    XTRONS for Fiat 500 (2007-2015) Touch Screen Radio, 7 Inch Android 13 Car Stereo for…

    XTRONS for Fiat 500 (2007-2015) Touch Screen Radio, 7 Inch Android 13 Car Stereo for…

    XTRONS Single Din Car Stereo for Fiat 500, Android 13 Octa Core 4GB RAM 64GB ROM Car…

    XTRONS Single Din Car Stereo for Fiat 500, Android 13 Octa Core 4GB RAM 64GB ROM Car…

    Pioneer DJ HDJ-CUE1 On-ear DJ Headphones – Black

    Pioneer DJ HDJ-CUE1 On-ear DJ Headphones – Black

  • Techs Got To Eat
    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

  • Tesla

    Tesla’s long-time head of sales in North America is out

    RYANSTAR RACING Black Car Door Handles Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025 4…

    RYANSTAR RACING Black Car Door Handles Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025 4…

    Tesla finally launches in India, but at a price that doesn’t make sense

    Tesla finally launches in India, but at a price that doesn’t make sense

    Cyber Hooks Heavy Duty Steel L Track Cleat Hooks – 4PCS Set, OEM Style Compatible with…

    Cyber Hooks Heavy Duty Steel L Track Cleat Hooks – 4PCS Set, OEM Style Compatible with…

    Rear Center Console Organizer for Tesla Cybertruck Trash Can with Anti-Slip Lid Cover…

    Rear Center Console Organizer for Tesla Cybertruck Trash Can with Anti-Slip Lid Cover…

    2025 Upgraded J1772 & CCS to Tesla Cybertruck Adapter Fast Charging Adapter Compatible…

    2025 Upgraded J1772 & CCS to Tesla Cybertruck Adapter Fast Charging Adapter Compatible…

    Truck Cover Custom Fit for Tesla Cybertruck, Waterproof All Weather Lightweight Pickup…

    Truck Cover Custom Fit for Tesla Cybertruck, Waterproof All Weather Lightweight Pickup…

    Inflatable Truck Bed Air Mattress for Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories Thicken Air…

    Inflatable Truck Bed Air Mattress for Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories Thicken Air…

    REDTIGER 4K Dash Cam Front, ADAS, Built-in WiFi GPS, Mini Hidden Dash Camera for Cars…

    REDTIGER 4K Dash Cam Front, ADAS, Built-in WiFi GPS, Mini Hidden Dash Camera for Cars…

  • UFO
    New York Eye & Ear Control

    New York Eye & Ear Control

    Drones with Camera for Adults 6K Foldable Headless Drone with Obstacle Avoidance Function Optical Flow Positioning Gesture Photography with Storage Bag 2 Battery

    Drones with Camera for Adults 6K Foldable Headless Drone with Obstacle Avoidance Function Optical Flow Positioning Gesture Photography with Storage Bag 2 Battery

    Women’S Sarong Coverups Beach Bathing Suit Wrap Skirt Sheer Bikini Wraps Chiffon Cover Ups For Swimwear

    Women’S Sarong Coverups Beach Bathing Suit Wrap Skirt Sheer Bikini Wraps Chiffon Cover Ups For Swimwear

    JWST's Mind Blowing Exoplanet Discovery!  #space #spaceexploration #exoplanets #nasa #fyp #shorts

    JWST's Mind Blowing Exoplanet Discovery! #space #spaceexploration #exoplanets #nasa #fyp #shorts

    Space Theme Birthday Candle, Shiny Astronaut Number Candle Spaceship Outer Space Cake Topper Perfect Universe Rocket Spacecraft Cake Decorations and Party Favors(Number 1)

    Space Theme Birthday Candle, Shiny Astronaut Number Candle Spaceship Outer Space Cake Topper Perfect Universe Rocket Spacecraft Cake Decorations and Party Favors(Number 1)

    The Dark Truth About 23andMe

    The Dark Truth About 23andMe

    Spacecraft Dashboard Gaming Mouse Pad Large Mouse Pad Office Desk Accessories XL Desk Mat 31.5×11.8×0.12 inch Blue Large Desk Pad Keyboard Pad (Console)

    Spacecraft Dashboard Gaming Mouse Pad Large Mouse Pad Office Desk Accessories XL Desk Mat 31.5×11.8×0.12 inch Blue Large Desk Pad Keyboard Pad (Console)

    How Much Does it Cost to Launch a Satellite? #shorts

    How Much Does it Cost to Launch a Satellite? #shorts

    Top Secret UFO Sightings #joerogan #podcast #aliens

    Top Secret UFO Sightings #joerogan #podcast #aliens

  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Building End-to-End Data Pipelines: From Data Ingestion to Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    How Rapid7 automates vulnerability risk scores with ML pipelines using Amazon SageMaker AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Build a conversational data assistant, Part 2 – Embedding generative business intelligence with Amazon Q in QuickSight

    Artificial Intelligence

    Enabling Differentially Private Federated Learning for Speech Recognition: Benchmarks, Adaptive Optimizers, and Gradient Clipping

    Artificial Intelligence

    Overcoming Vocabulary Constraints with Pixel-level Fallback

    Artificial Intelligence

    Uphold ethical standards in fashion using multimodal toxicity detection with Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    10 Surprising Things You Can Do with Python’s datetime Module

    Artificial Intelligence

    New capabilities in Amazon SageMaker AI continue to transform how organizations develop AI models

    Artificial Intelligence

    Unlock retail intelligence by transforming data into actionable insights using generative AI with Amazon Q Business

  • Apple

    July 15, 2025 – Apple leadership, Mac growth

    iOS 26 public beta rumored to launch next week

    iOS 26 public beta rumored to launch next week

    Future Apple Watch or iPhone may gain a camera that’s completely hidden when not in use

    Future Apple Watch or iPhone may gain a camera that’s completely hidden when not in use

    iOS 26 gives Apple’s Reminders app a new, faster way to add tasks

    iOS 26 gives Apple’s Reminders app a new, faster way to add tasks

    iPhone 17: Titanium is coming to just one model, and it’s a surprising choice

    iPhone 17: Titanium is coming to just one model, and it’s a surprising choice

    Ultimate Edition’ coming to the Mac on July 17

    Ultimate Edition’ coming to the Mac on July 17

    Samsung reportedly gearing up to produce foldable iPhone displays

    Samsung reportedly gearing up to produce foldable iPhone displays

    How a MacBook with an iPhone chip can redefine Apple’s budget line

    How a MacBook with an iPhone chip can redefine Apple’s budget line

    Apple @ Work Podcast: Fleet launches iOS device management

    Apple @ Work Podcast: WebAI puts LLM power in the hands of your IT team

  • ComputerWorld
    How agentic AI will change IT support roles – Computerworld

    How agentic AI will change IT support roles – Computerworld

    Apple’s done innovating? Be serious – Computerworld

    Apple’s done innovating? Be serious – Computerworld

    For July, a ‘big, broad’ Patch Tuesday release – Computerworld

    For July, a ‘big, broad’ Patch Tuesday release – Computerworld

    AI coding tools can slow down seasoned developers by 19%

    AI coding tools can slow down seasoned developers by 19%

    Will IT turn the AI bot battle into a money maker? (And is that even a good idea?) – Computerworld

    Will IT turn the AI bot battle into a money maker? (And is that even a good idea?) – Computerworld

    Tariff uncertainty hits US PC shipments in Q2 – Computerworld

    Tariff uncertainty hits US PC shipments in Q2 – Computerworld

    The fast way to fix a frozen Start menu or taskbar in Windows – Computerworld

    The fast way to fix a frozen Start menu or taskbar in Windows – Computerworld

    Microsoft’s 19-hour Outlook outage exposes fragility in cloud infrastructure – Computerworld

    Microsoft’s 19-hour Outlook outage exposes fragility in cloud infrastructure – Computerworld

    A magically minimalist Android makeover – Computerworld

    A magically minimalist Android makeover – Computerworld

  • Gaming
    The Legend of Zelda Minish Cap – Part 15 Mole mitts

    The Legend of Zelda Minish Cap – Part 15 Mole mitts

    The Nintendo DS had it right all along: Ayaneo launches Flip 1S DS and Flip 1S KB, two new clamshell handheld gaming PCs with prices to make your teeth clench

    The Nintendo DS had it right all along: Ayaneo launches Flip 1S DS and Flip 1S KB, two new clamshell handheld gaming PCs with prices to make your teeth clench

    A Delayed Puzzle – Zelda Breath Of The Wild Walkthrough – Solve Kema Zoos Shrine Puzzle

    A Delayed Puzzle – Zelda Breath Of The Wild Walkthrough – Solve Kema Zoos Shrine Puzzle

    Destiny 2 The Desert Perpetual raid release date and time

    Destiny 2 The Desert Perpetual raid release date and time

    GTA 6 Trailer 2: Release Date Confirmed & Official Screenshots!

    GTA 6 Trailer 2: Release Date Confirmed & Official Screenshots!

    As if being worth $4 trillion isn’t enough, Nvidia claims the US government says it can start selling AI GPUs to China again

    As if being worth $4 trillion isn’t enough, Nvidia claims the US government says it can start selling AI GPUs to China again

    GOW  Ragnarok Valhalla (DLC) Gameplay/Walkthrough – No Commentary –  Part 7 (1080p 60fps on Ultra)

    GOW Ragnarok Valhalla (DLC) Gameplay/Walkthrough – No Commentary – Part 7 (1080p 60fps on Ultra)

    US Defense Department awards $200 million contract to Elon Musk’s Grok aka ‘MechaHitler’ and is looking forward to deploying it ‘in our warfighting domain’

    US Defense Department awards $200 million contract to Elon Musk’s Grok aka ‘MechaHitler’ and is looking forward to deploying it ‘in our warfighting domain’

    Why God Of War Ragnarok Will Be One Of THE BEST Games Of 2022 | God Of War Ragnarok Review Roundup

    Why God Of War Ragnarok Will Be One Of THE BEST Games Of 2022 | God Of War Ragnarok Review Roundup

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Art
    Virtual Reality is Not What You Think

    Virtual Reality is Not What You Think

    MAJU TALK EPISODE # 2   I  Media and Art Industry Role in Pakistan

    MAJU TALK EPISODE # 2 I Media and Art Industry Role in Pakistan

    Draw A Lotus Flower in Ms Paint | Kamal Kaa Phool Ms Paint Me Kaise Bnaye

    Draw A Lotus Flower in Ms Paint | Kamal Kaa Phool Ms Paint Me Kaise Bnaye

    INSIDE Mirror Mirror: ArtScience Museum's NEW interactive exhibition

    INSIDE Mirror Mirror: ArtScience Museum's NEW interactive exhibition

    Woman Having a Hard Time: Falon Stutzman @ Megan Mulrooney Gallery, Los Angeles

    Woman Having a Hard Time: Falon Stutzman @ Megan Mulrooney Gallery, Los Angeles

    Creating a 3D VENOM Sculpture in Zbrush | Timelapse

    Creating a 3D VENOM Sculpture in Zbrush | Timelapse

    Alicja Kwade: Geologies of the Impossible

    Alicja Kwade: Geologies of the Impossible

    [SWTT] Generative Art NFT Tutorial

    [SWTT] Generative Art NFT Tutorial

    Using Unreal Engine 4 for CONCEPT ART – Full Process Video | From Zero to Concept Art

    Using Unreal Engine 4 for CONCEPT ART – Full Process Video | From Zero to Concept Art

  • Tech Deals
    LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens – Xbox 360 Standard Edition

    LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens – Xbox 360 Standard Edition

    Western Digital 10TB WD Purple Surveillance Internal Hard Drive HDD – SATA 6 Gb/s, 256…

    Western Digital 10TB WD Purple Surveillance Internal Hard Drive HDD – SATA 6 Gb/s, 256…

    NexStar 6G, 2.5” SATA III to USB 3.2 Gen1 External SSD/HDD Enclosure, ID: Black

    NexStar 6G, 2.5” SATA III to USB 3.2 Gen1 External SSD/HDD Enclosure, ID: Black

    Toshiba Canvio Basics 4TB Portable External Hard Drive USB 3.0, Black – HDTB540XK3CA

    Toshiba Canvio Basics 4TB Portable External Hard Drive USB 3.0, Black – HDTB540XK3CA

    Vansuny 64GB Type C Flash Drive 2 in 1 OTG USB 3.0 + USB C Memory Stick with Keychain…

    Vansuny 64GB Type C Flash Drive 2 in 1 OTG USB 3.0 + USB C Memory Stick with Keychain…

    SABRENT USB C to USB C Charging Cable with Smart Display, 2M/6.6FT Long, E-Marker Chip,…

    SABRENT USB C to USB C Charging Cable with Smart Display, 2M/6.6FT Long, E-Marker Chip,…

    XTRONS for Fiat 500 (2007-2015) Touch Screen Radio, 7 Inch Android 13 Car Stereo for…

    XTRONS for Fiat 500 (2007-2015) Touch Screen Radio, 7 Inch Android 13 Car Stereo for…

    XTRONS Single Din Car Stereo for Fiat 500, Android 13 Octa Core 4GB RAM 64GB ROM Car…

    XTRONS Single Din Car Stereo for Fiat 500, Android 13 Octa Core 4GB RAM 64GB ROM Car…

    Pioneer DJ HDJ-CUE1 On-ear DJ Headphones – Black

    Pioneer DJ HDJ-CUE1 On-ear DJ Headphones – Black

  • Techs Got To Eat
    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

  • Tesla

    Tesla’s long-time head of sales in North America is out

    RYANSTAR RACING Black Car Door Handles Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025 4…

    RYANSTAR RACING Black Car Door Handles Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025 4…

    Tesla finally launches in India, but at a price that doesn’t make sense

    Tesla finally launches in India, but at a price that doesn’t make sense

    Cyber Hooks Heavy Duty Steel L Track Cleat Hooks – 4PCS Set, OEM Style Compatible with…

    Cyber Hooks Heavy Duty Steel L Track Cleat Hooks – 4PCS Set, OEM Style Compatible with…

    Rear Center Console Organizer for Tesla Cybertruck Trash Can with Anti-Slip Lid Cover…

    Rear Center Console Organizer for Tesla Cybertruck Trash Can with Anti-Slip Lid Cover…

    2025 Upgraded J1772 & CCS to Tesla Cybertruck Adapter Fast Charging Adapter Compatible…

    2025 Upgraded J1772 & CCS to Tesla Cybertruck Adapter Fast Charging Adapter Compatible…

    Truck Cover Custom Fit for Tesla Cybertruck, Waterproof All Weather Lightweight Pickup…

    Truck Cover Custom Fit for Tesla Cybertruck, Waterproof All Weather Lightweight Pickup…

    Inflatable Truck Bed Air Mattress for Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories Thicken Air…

    Inflatable Truck Bed Air Mattress for Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories Thicken Air…

    REDTIGER 4K Dash Cam Front, ADAS, Built-in WiFi GPS, Mini Hidden Dash Camera for Cars…

    REDTIGER 4K Dash Cam Front, ADAS, Built-in WiFi GPS, Mini Hidden Dash Camera for Cars…

  • UFO
    New York Eye & Ear Control

    New York Eye & Ear Control

    Drones with Camera for Adults 6K Foldable Headless Drone with Obstacle Avoidance Function Optical Flow Positioning Gesture Photography with Storage Bag 2 Battery

    Drones with Camera for Adults 6K Foldable Headless Drone with Obstacle Avoidance Function Optical Flow Positioning Gesture Photography with Storage Bag 2 Battery

    Women’S Sarong Coverups Beach Bathing Suit Wrap Skirt Sheer Bikini Wraps Chiffon Cover Ups For Swimwear

    Women’S Sarong Coverups Beach Bathing Suit Wrap Skirt Sheer Bikini Wraps Chiffon Cover Ups For Swimwear

    JWST's Mind Blowing Exoplanet Discovery!  #space #spaceexploration #exoplanets #nasa #fyp #shorts

    JWST's Mind Blowing Exoplanet Discovery! #space #spaceexploration #exoplanets #nasa #fyp #shorts

    Space Theme Birthday Candle, Shiny Astronaut Number Candle Spaceship Outer Space Cake Topper Perfect Universe Rocket Spacecraft Cake Decorations and Party Favors(Number 1)

    Space Theme Birthday Candle, Shiny Astronaut Number Candle Spaceship Outer Space Cake Topper Perfect Universe Rocket Spacecraft Cake Decorations and Party Favors(Number 1)

    The Dark Truth About 23andMe

    The Dark Truth About 23andMe

    Spacecraft Dashboard Gaming Mouse Pad Large Mouse Pad Office Desk Accessories XL Desk Mat 31.5×11.8×0.12 inch Blue Large Desk Pad Keyboard Pad (Console)

    Spacecraft Dashboard Gaming Mouse Pad Large Mouse Pad Office Desk Accessories XL Desk Mat 31.5×11.8×0.12 inch Blue Large Desk Pad Keyboard Pad (Console)

    How Much Does it Cost to Launch a Satellite? #shorts

    How Much Does it Cost to Launch a Satellite? #shorts

    Top Secret UFO Sightings #joerogan #podcast #aliens

    Top Secret UFO Sightings #joerogan #podcast #aliens

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Techcratic
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Home Hacker News

13 things I would have told myself before building an autorouter

Hacker News by Hacker News
March 28, 2025
in Hacker News
Reading Time: 28 mins read
128
A A
0

2025-03-27 20:38:00
blog.autorouting.com

I’ve spent about a year working on an autorouter for tscircuit (an open-source electronics CAD kernel written in Typescript). If I could go back a year, these are the 13 things I would tell myself:

An intermediate stage of our autorouting routing a keyboard.

If I was king for a day, I would rename A* to “Fundamental Algorithm”. It is truly one of the most adaptable and important algorithms for _any kind_ of search. It is simply the best foundation for any kind of informed search (not just for 2d grids!)

Here’s an animated version of A* versus “breadth first search” on a 2d grid:

The way A* explores nodes is a lot faster and more intuitive. The major difference between these two algorithms is BFS explores all adjacent nodes, while A* prioritizes exploring nodes that are closer to the destination. Because it considers a metric outside the graph (the distance to the destination) it’s an informed search.

You are already either using BFS or DFS (depth-first search) in your code. A recursive algorithm is a depth first search. Any loop that explores candidates/neighbors without sorting the candidates is a BFS. 99% of the time you can convert it to A* and get dramatic performance gains!

One of my favorite techniques in our autorouter is we run multiple levels of A* to discover the optimal hyperparameters for a particular problem. So we’re basically running each autorouter as a candidate, then using A* to determine which autorouters we should spend the most time on!

See all those numbers at the top? Those are each different configurations of hyper parameters. Running each autorouter fairly would be a huge waste of time- if one autorouter starts to win (it is successfully routing with good costs) allocate more iterations to it! This kind of meta-A* combines a regular cost function that penalizes distance with a cost function that penalizes iterations.

I’m controversially writing our autorouter in Javascript. This is the first thing people call out, but it’s not as unreasonable as you might expect. Consider that when optimizing an algorithm, you’re basically looking at improving two things:

  1. Lowering the number of iterations required (make the algorithm smart)

  2. Increasing the speed of each iteration

People focus way too much on improving the speed of each iteration. If you are doing something dumb (like converting everything to a grid for overlap testing), Javascript performance will beat you no matter what language you use!

Dumb algorithms in optimal assembly are slower than smart algorithms in Javascript! Algorithm > Language!

95% of your focus should be on reducing the number of iterations. This is why language doesn’t matter. Whatever gets you to the smartest, most cacheable algorithm fastest is the best language.

You can’t walk 5 feet into multi-dimensional space optimization without someone mentioning a QuadTree, this incredible data structure that makes O(N) search O(log(N)) when searching for nearby objects in 2d/3d space.

The QuadTree and every general-purpose tree data structure are insanely slow. Trees are not an informed representation of your data.

Any time you’re using a tree you’re ignoring an O(~1) hash algorithm for a more complicated O(log(N)) algorithm

Why does Javascript use HashSets and HashMaps by default and every chance it gets? They’re super super fast. A Spatial Hash Index is the same concept as a HashMap, but instead of hashing the object we hash it’s location and store it in a Cell (or “bucket of things that are close together”)

Let’s look at how we might replace the QuadTree with a SpatialHashIndex with 20% as much code:

There are many variants of this basic data structure for different types of objects, but they all look pretty similar. We’re basically just creating “buckets” with spatial hashes and filling them with any object that is contained within the cell represented by the spatial hash.

The reason spatial hashes aren’t as popular is you need to be careful about selecting your cell size- this is what makes it an informed algorithm. If your cell size isn’t calibrated well, you’ll end up paying high fixed costs per retrieval. In practice, it’s not that difficult to pick a reasonable cell size.

A circuit board like the one inside an IPhone probably has somewhere between 10,000 and 20,000 traces and take a team several months to route with the best EDA tools in world. It can seem daunting to try to optimize such an incredibly complex task- but the truth is the entire industry is neglecting a very simple idea: everything that has been routed has been routed before.

Game developers “pre-bake” navigation meshes into many gigabytes for their games. LLMs compress the entire internet into weights for search. The next generation of autorouters will spatially partition their problems, then call upon a massive cache for pre-solved solutions. The speed of the algorithm doesn’t matter when you have a massive cache with 99% of the autorouting problem pre-solved.

Most algorithms today do not focus on the effective cache-reusability or effective spatial partitioning, but a critical component of future autorouters will be caching inputs and outputs from each stage in a spatially partitioned way.

Moreover, the size of storage and caching seems to go down faster than the speed of computation goes up. It’s not a big deal to have a gigabyte cache to make your autorouter 50% faster.

At the end of the day, the cache will win. Cacheable algorithms matter more than fast algorithms!

If there is one thing I could have printed on a poster, it would be VISUALIZE THE PROBLEM. You can’t debug problems by staring at numbers.

For every tiny problem we solve, we have a visualization. We will often start with the visualization. Time and time again this enables us to debug and solve problems 10x faster than we could otherwise. Here’s a visualization we made of a subalgorithm for finding 45 degree paths, we use this in our “Path Simplification Phase”, an ~final phase of the autorouter.

Javascript profiling tools are incredibe, you can easily see the exact total time in ms spend on each line of code. You don’t need to use any performance framework, just execute your javascript in the browser and pull up the performance tab. There are also awesome features like flame charts and stuff for memory usage.

You can easily see the time spent on each line of code inside Chrome’s performance tools!

Here’s a little youtube short I made about it

Recursive functions are bad for multiple reasons:

  • They are almost always synchronous (can’t be broken out for animation)

  • They are inherently a Depth-First Search, and can’t be easily morphed to A*

  • You can’t easily track iterations

  • Mutability is often unnatural in recursive functions but critical to performance

Here’s an example of an “obviously recursive” function converted to a non-recursive function:

The iteration-based implementation is much faster because it keeps a set of visitedNodes and checks nodes prior to exploration. You can do this with recursive functions, but you have to pass around a mutable object and do other unnatural things. It’s just best to avoid recursive functions when writing performant code.

Monte Carlo algorithms use randomness to iterate towards a solution. They are bad because:

  • They lead to non-deterministic, hard-to-debug algorithms

  • They are basically never optimal relative to a heuristic

I sometimes use Monte Carlo-style algorithms when I don’t yet know how the algorithm should get to the solution, but I know how to score a candidate. They can help give some basic intuition about how to solve a problem. Once you have something approximating a cost function, do something smarter than Monte Carlo or any other random technique like Simulated Annealing. If your algorithm is sensitive to local minimums, consider using hyper parameters or more complex cost functions. Almost any local minimum your human eye can see can be made into a component of a cost function.

Another way to think about it: How many PCB Designers randomly draw lines on their circuit board? None. Nobody does that. It’s just not a good technique for this domain. You’ll always be able to find a better heuristic.

Our autorouter is currently a pipeline with 13 stages and something like 20 sub-algorithms that we measure the iteration count of for various things like determining spatial partitions or simplifying paths at the boundaries independently autorouted sections.

Being able to overlay different inputs/output visualizations of each stage of the algorithm helps you understand the context surrounding the problem you’re solving. I often ran into issues at downstream stages (often our “high density routing” stage) that could be solved by improving the output of previous stages.

The temptation when building sub-algorithms is to isolate the algorithm to its simplest form, maybe even normalizing around (0, 0). The danger with normalization or any complex transformation is it might impact the ability to quickly see consequences from early stages of the algorithm to later stages of the algorithm. To prevent this, just keep your coordinate space consistent throughout the lifecycle of the algorithm.

Here’s each stage of our algorithm one after another. We often zoom in on this to see what stage is the most guilty culprit for a failed Design Rule Check.

Remember how it’s super important to lower your iteration count?

Animating the iterations of your algorithm will show you how “dumb” it’s being by giving you an intuition for how many iterations are wasted exploring paths that don’t matter. This is particularly helpful when adjusting the greedy multiplier (discussed in 12)

This video is an animation of a simple trace failing to solve, but instead of failing outright attempting to solve endlessly outward. Without the animation, it would have been hard to tell what was going on!

Consider two ways to determine if a trace A overlaps another trace B:

  1. Consider each segment of A and B, and check for intersections

  2. Create a binary grid that marks each square where trace B is present, then check all the squares where trace A is present to see if B is there

Generated image

Believe it or not, most people would choose to use Option 2 with a binary grid check, even though this can easily be 1000x slower. People do this because math is hard 🤦

Luckily LLMs make this kind of intersection math trivial. Use fast vector math!! Checking a SINGLE grid square (memory access!) can literally be slower than doing a dot product to determine if two segments intersect!

When doing spatial partitioning of the problem, you can measure the probability of solve failure of each stage with some leading indicators. For example, in the Unravel Autorouter we track the probability of failure for each “Capacity Node” at each major pipeline stage. Each stage focuses on reconfiguring adjacent nodes or rerouting to reduce the probability of failure.

The great thing about probability of failure as a metric is you can literally measure it and improve your prediction as your algorithm changes. Each stage can then do it’s best to minimize the chance of future stages failing.

I think generally prioritizing solvability is better than trying to incorporate too many constraints. Once a board is solved, it’s often easier to “work with that solution” than to generate optimal solution from scratch.

Ok it’s not exactly a secret, maybe a “well-known secret”, but if you don’t know about it, you’re not using A* properly.

By default, A* is guaranteed to give you the optimal solution, but what if you care more about speed than about optimality? Make one tiny change to your f(n)and you have Weighted A*, a variant of A* that solves more greedily, and generally much, much faster!

Normal A*: f(n) = g(n) + h(n)
Weighted A*: f(n) = g(n) + w * h(n)

You can read more about weighted A* and other A* variants here.

Game developers have a lot of the same problems as autorouting developers, so it’s not a bad idea to look for game development papers if you’re searching for related work!

If this was interesting to you, I’d love to show you our autorouter as it gets closer to release. I believe that solving autorouting will be a massive unlock for physical-world innovation and is a key piece to enable the “vibe-building” of electronics. All of our work is MIT-licensed open-source. You can also follow me on twitter.

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