• About TC
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • TOS
  • Contact
Sunday, July 6, 2025
Techcratic
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Transforming network operations with AI: How Swisscom built a network assistant using Amazon Bedrock

    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

  • App Zone

    Top 3 Dev Tool Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Yes, you can run Windows 11 on your Mac — and it’s only $15

    Run Windows apps on your Mac with Windows 11 Pro — now just $9.97

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Cybertruck Sticker Vinyl Bumper Sticker Decal Waterproof 5″

    Cybertruck Sticker Vinyl Bumper Sticker Decal Waterproof 5″

  • UFO
    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    ERIN MONTGOMERY –  Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    ERIN MONTGOMERY – Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration  #masterclass

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration #masterclass

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

No Result
View All Result
  • TC
  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Transforming network operations with AI: How Swisscom built a network assistant using Amazon Bedrock

    Artificial Intelligence

    EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video

    Artificial Intelligence

    Instruction-Following Pruning for Large Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence

    How to Combine Streamlit, Pandas, and Plotly for Interactive Data Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    Tailor responsible AI with new safeguard tiers in Amazon Bedrock Guardrails

    Artificial Intelligence

    Automate Data Quality Reports with n8n: From CSV to Professional Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    NewDay builds A Generative AI based Customer service Agent Assist with over 90% accuracy

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Things You Need to Know About Agentic AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Normalizing Flows are Capable Generative Models

  • App Zone

    Top 3 Dev Tool Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Apple: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Launcher Apps for Android: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Card Game Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Medical Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Travel Apps of 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Casual Game Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Food Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

    Top 3 Sport Apps for 2025: Features, Pros, and Cons

  • Apple
    Yes, you can run Windows 11 on your Mac — and it’s only $15

    Run Windows apps on your Mac with Windows 11 Pro — now just $9.97

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    How to stop LG & Samsung smart TV tracking, screen captures

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple’s F1 expected to hit $300M at the box office this weekend

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple is reportedly working on a cheaper MacBook, but will it stick the landing?

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    Apple @ Work: Macs have never been more expensive to repair, but never been more reliable

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    New Gemini icon comes to Android and iPhone

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    Best Mac SSD and hard drive Prime Day deals 2025: Early discounts

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    This is the letter Donald Trump sent Apple to keep TikTok online

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

    Siri’s future, the original iPhone’s past, and Apple Music’s birthday

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

  • Tech Deals
    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    JUANWE 32GB Micro SD Cards 10 Pack Memory Card, SDHC High-Speed U1 A1 SD Card, 32GB TF…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    EVGA GeForce GTX 1650 Super SC Ultra Gaming, 4GB GDDR6, Dual Fan, Metal Backplate,…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    CableCreation 6 Feet TRRS Headhpone Extension Cable Bundle with 1.5 Feet TRRS…

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    ASRock Chanllenger AMD RX 6600 8G GDDR6 Graphics Card and Bronze 80+ 550W Power Supply

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    INNOCN 49″ Curved Gaming Monitor 144Hz Ultrawide 32:9 WDFHD 3840 x 1080P, R1800, 99%…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Razer Iskur V2 Gaming Chair: Adaptive Lumbar Support – Adjustable Lumbar Curve – High…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Critical Rolls: Boxed Set – 5e RPG Storytelling Cards, 300 Tarot Sized Cards, Tabletop…

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Nintendogs Dachshund & Friends (Renewed)

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

    Gamer [Blu-ray]

  • Tech Eats
    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Peanut Butter Banana Mug Muffin: 5-Minute Protein Snack

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Oreo Mug Cake: 2-Minute Cookie & Cake Combo!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

    Tiramisu Mug Cake: Coffee Lover’s Dream in 2 Minutes!

  • Tesla
    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Seat Back Hooks for Tesla Model 3, Model Y, Model S & Model X 2021-2025 – Bag Purse Back…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    Tesla Supercharger to CCS1 Charger Adapter, Max 500A 1000V NACS to CCS EV Fast Charge…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    BestEvMod for Refreshed Model 3 Highland Cargo Liner Floor Liners Trunk and Frunk Mat…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    4 PCS Car Front and Rear Side Window Sunshade, 19.6″ x 31.4″ x 7.8″ + 19.6″ x 31.4″ Keep…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    Car Floor Mats for Tesla Cybertruck 2023 2024 2025, Custom TPE All Weather Protection…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    JOYTUTUS Truck Bed Divider Compatible with Cybertruck 2024 2023 Cargo Divider Organizer…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    HANSSHOW Pet Seat Covers for Cybertruck Rear Dog Seat Protector Full-Cover Waterproof…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Center Console Organizer Tray Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2024 2025 Accessories,…

    Cybertruck Sticker Vinyl Bumper Sticker Decal Waterproof 5″

    Cybertruck Sticker Vinyl Bumper Sticker Decal Waterproof 5″

  • UFO
    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    Ancient Carvings Point to Strange Information (Season 1) | Ancient Aliens: Origins

    ERIN MONTGOMERY –  Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    ERIN MONTGOMERY – Dirty Little Secret: Confessions of an Alien Contactee

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Miniature Schnauzer Funny Graphic Selfie UFOs Weird Aliens T-Shirt

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    Lorine Chia – Intergalactic Love (Official Music Video)

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    John Deere Men’s Trademark Logo Core Short Sleeve Tee

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    SOJOS Retro Polarized Square Sunglasses Womens Men Vintage Double Bridge Metal Frame UV Protection Sun Glasses SJ1246

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration  #masterclass

    Bill Nye on Space Exploration #billnye #science #space #spaceexploration #masterclass

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Nessie and UFO, Sasquatch Rare Selfie, The Loch Ness Bigfoot T-Shirt

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

    Spirit Communication by Rev. Gaurav Tiwari | Indian Paranormal Society

No Result
View All Result
Techcratic
No Result
View All Result
Home MIT Tech

Surprise discovery could lead to improved catalysts for industrial reactions | MIT News

MIT Tech by MIT Tech
April 3, 2025
in MIT Tech
Reading Time: 7 mins read
125
A A
0

David L. Chandler | MIT News
2025-04-03 14:00:00
news.mit.edu

The process of catalysis — in which a material speeds up a chemical reaction — is crucial to the production of many of the chemicals used in our everyday lives. But even though these catalytic processes are widespread, researchers often lack a clear understanding of exactly how they work.

A new analysis by researchers at MIT has shown that an important industrial synthesis process, the production of vinyl acetate, requires a catalyst to take two different forms, which cycle back and forth from one to the other as the chemical process unfolds.

Previously, it had been thought that only one of the two forms was needed. The new findings are published today in the journal Science, in a paper by MIT graduate students Deiaa Harraz and Kunal Lodaya, Bryan Tang PhD ’23, and MIT professor of chemistry and chemical engineering Yogesh Surendranath.

There are two broad classes of catalysts: homogeneous catalysts, which consist of dissolved molecules, and heterogeneous catalysts, which are solid materials whose surface provides the site for the chemical reaction. “For the longest time,” Surendranath says, “there’s been a general view that you either have catalysis happening on these surfaces, or you have them happening on these soluble molecules.” But the new research shows that in the case of vinyl acetate — an important material that goes into many polymer products such as the rubber in the soles of your shoes — there is an interplay between both classes of catalysis.

“What we discovered,” Surendranath explains, “is that you actually have these solid metal materials converting into molecules, and then converting back into materials, in a cyclic dance.”

He adds: “This work calls into question this paradigm where there’s either one flavor of catalysis or another. Really, there could be an interplay between both of them in certain cases, and that could be really advantageous for having a process that’s selective and efficient.”

The synthesis of vinyl acetate has been a large-scale industrial reaction since the 1960s, and it has been well-researched and refined over the years to improve efficiency. This has happened largely through a trial-and-error approach, without a precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the researchers say.

While chemists are often more familiar with homogeneous catalysis mechanisms, and chemical engineers are often more familiar with surface catalysis mechanisms, fewer researchers study both. This is perhaps part of the reason that the full complexity of this reaction was not previously captured. But Harraz says he and his colleagues are working at the interface between disciplines. “We’ve been able to appreciate both sides of this reaction and find that both types of catalysis are critical,” he says.

The reaction that produces vinyl acetate requires something to activate the oxygen molecules that are one of the constituents of the reaction, and something else to activate the other ingredients, acetic acid and ethylene. The researchers found that the form of the catalyst that worked best for one part of the process was not the best for the other. It turns out that the molecular form of the catalyst does the key chemistry with the ethylene and the acetic acid, while it’s the surface that ends up doing the activation of the oxygen.

They found that the underlying process involved in interconverting the two forms of the catalyst is actually corrosion, similar to the process of rusting. “It turns out that in rusting, you actually go through a soluble molecular species somewhere in the sequence,” Surendranath says.

The team borrowed techniques traditionally used in corrosion research to study the process. They used electrochemical tools to study the reaction, even though the overall reaction does not require a supply of electricity. By making potential measurements, the researchers determined that the corrosion of the palladium catalyst material to soluble palladium ions is driven by an electrochemical reaction with the oxygen, converting it to water. Corrosion is “one of the oldest topics in electrochemistry,” says Lodaya, “but applying the science of corrosion to understand catalysis is much newer, and was essential to our findings.”

By correlating measurements of catalyst corrosion with other measurements of the chemical reaction taking place, the researchers proposed that it was the corrosion rate that was limiting the overall reaction. “That’s the choke point that’s controlling the rate of the overall process,” Surendranath says.

The interplay between the two types of catalysis works efficiently and selectively “because it actually uses the synergy of a material surface doing what it’s good at and a molecule doing what it’s good at,” Surendranath says. The finding suggests that, when designing new catalysts, rather than focusing on either solid materials or soluble molecules alone, researchers should think about how the interplay of both may open up new approaches.

“Now, with an improved understanding of what makes this catalyst so effective, you can try to design specific materials or specific interfaces that promote the desired chemistry,” Harraz says. Since this process has been worked on for so long, these findings may not necessarily lead to improvements in this specific process of making vinyl acetate, but it does provide a better understanding of why the materials work as they do, and could lead to improvements in other catalytic processes.

Understanding that “catalysts can transit between molecule and material and back, and the role that electrochemistry plays in those transformations, is a concept that we are really excited to expand on,” Lodaya says.

Harraz adds: “With this new understanding that both types of catalysis could play a role, what other catalytic processes are out there that actually involve both? Maybe those have a lot of room for improvement that could benefit from this understanding.”

This work is “illuminating, something that will be worth teaching at the undergraduate level,” says Christophe Coperet, a professor of inorganic chemistry at ETH Zurich, who was not associated with the research. “The work highlights new ways of thinking. … [It] is notable in the sense that it not only reconciles homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, but it describes these complex processes as half reactions, where electron transfers can cycle between distinct entities.”

The research was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation as a Phase I Center for Chemical Innovation; the Center for Interfacial Ionics; and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Source Link


Upgrade your audio game with the Logitech for Creators Blue Yeti USB Microphone. With over 33,730 ratings and an impressive 4.6 out of 5 stars, it’s no wonder this is an Amazon’s Choice product. Recently, 5K+ units were purchased in the past month.

Available in five stunning colors: Teal, Silver, Pink Dawn, Midnight Blue, and Blackout, this microphone is perfect for creators looking to produce exceptional audio. Priced at only $84.99, it’s a deal you can’t afford to miss.

Elevate your recordings with clear broadcast-quality sound and explore your creativity with enhanced effects, advanced modulation, and HD audio samples. Order now for just $84.99 on Amazon!


Start your free Amazon Prime trial
today and unlock unlimited streaming and more!

Help Power Techcratic’s Future – Scan To Support

If Techcratic’s content and insights have helped you, consider giving back by supporting the platform with crypto. Every contribution makes a difference, whether it’s for high-quality content, server maintenance, or future updates. Techcratic is constantly evolving, and your support helps drive that progress.

As a solo operator who wears all the hats, creating content, managing the tech, and running the site, your support allows me to stay focused on delivering valuable resources. Your support keeps everything running smoothly and enables me to continue creating the content you love. I’m deeply grateful for your support, it truly means the world to me! Thank you!

BITCOIN

Bitcoin Logo

Bitcoin QR Code

bc1qlszw7elx2qahjwvaryh0tkgg8y68enw30gpvge

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

DOGECOIN

Dogecoin Logo

Dogecoin QR Code

D64GwvvYQxFXYyan3oQCrmWfidf6T3JpBA

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

ETHEREUM

Ethereum Logo

Ethereum QR Code

0xe9BC980DF3d985730dA827996B43E4A62CCBAA7a

Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app

Please read the Privacy and Security Disclaimer on how Techcratic handles your support.

Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, Techcratic may earn from qualifying purchases.

Tags: MIT Tech
Share162Share28ShareShare4ShareTweet101
Previous Post

Besitos online game and rewards firm appoints new leadership

Next Post

Nothing’s CMF Phone 2 teaser focuses on the shot with more ‘coming soon’

MIT Tech

MIT Tech

Discover cutting-edge research and technological breakthroughs with MIT Tech. Explore innovative projects and academic insights shaping the future of technology. Stay informed with the latest articles here at Techcratic.

Related Posts

3 Questions: How MIT’s venture studio is partnering with MIT labs to solve “holy grail” problems | MIT News
MIT Tech

3 Questions: How MIT’s venture studio is partnering with MIT labs to solve “holy grail” problems | MIT News

July 2, 2025
1.3k
New method combines imaging and sequencing to study gene function in intact tissue | MIT News
MIT Tech

New method combines imaging and sequencing to study gene function in intact tissue | MIT News

June 30, 2025
1.3k
Faces of MIT: Ylana Lopez | MIT News
MIT Tech

Faces of MIT: Ylana Lopez | MIT News

June 27, 2025
1.3k
Face-to-face with Es Devlin | MIT News
MIT Tech

Face-to-face with Es Devlin | MIT News

June 26, 2025
1.3k
Travels with Rambax | MIT Technology Review
MIT Tech

Travels with Rambax | MIT Technology Review

June 25, 2025
1.3k
Art rhymes
MIT Tech

Art rhymes

June 24, 2025
1.3k
An epic year for women’s sports
MIT Tech

An epic year for women’s sports

June 24, 2025
1.3k
LLMs factor in unrelated information when recommending medical treatments | MIT News
MIT Tech

LLMs factor in unrelated information when recommending medical treatments | MIT News

June 23, 2025
1.3k
Load More
Next Post
Smartphone

Nothing's CMF Phone 2 teaser focuses on the shot with more 'coming soon'

Your Tech Resources

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Forbes
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo
  • Google News
  • Hacker News
  • Harvard Tech
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • LifeHacker
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • PC World
  • Photofocus
  • Physics
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • Robot Report
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Art
  • Tech Careers
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Tech News

  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • Apple Insider
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • ComputerWorld
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • ExtremeTech
  • Fossbytes
  • Gaming
  • GeekWire
  • Gizmodo

Tech News

  • Harvard Tech
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Mashable
  • Microsoft
  • MIT Tech
  • Physics
  • PC World
  • Random Tech
  • Retro Rewind ™
  • SiliconANGLE
  • SlashGear
  • Smartphone
  • StackSocial
  • Tech Careers

Tech News​

  • Tech Art
  • TechCrunch
  • Techdirt
  • TechRepublic
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • TechSpot
  • Tesla
  • The Verge
  • TNW
  • Trusted Reviews
  • UFO
  • VentureBeat
  • Visual Capitalist
  • Wired
  • ZDNet

Site Links

  • About Techcratic
  • Affiliate Disclaimer
  • Affiliate Link Policy
  • Contact Techcratic
  • Dealors Discount Store
  • Privacy and Security Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy
  • RSS Feed
  • Site Map
  • Support Techcratic
  • Techcratic
  • Tech Deals
  • TOS
  • 𝕏
Click For A Secret Deal

Techcratic – Your All In One Tech Hub © 2020 – 2025
All Rights Reserved
∞

No Result
View All Result
  • 30 Second Tech ™
  • AI
  • App Zone ™
  • Apple
  • Ars Technica
  • CNET
  • Crypto News
  • Cybersecurity
  • Endgadget
  • Gaming
  • I Like Cats ™
  • I Like Dogs ™
  • MacRumors
  • Macworld
  • Tech Deals
  • Techcratic ™
  • Techs Got To Eat ™
  • Tesla
  • UFO
  • Wired