Visualizing Global Trade Dominance: U.S. vs. EU (2000-2024)

Bruno Venditti
2025-04-14 08:10:00
www.visualcapitalist.com

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

Visualizing Global Trade Dominance: U.S. vs. EU (2000-2024)

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From 2000 to 2024, global trade volumes surged for both the United States and the European Union.

U.S. total goods trade (exports plus imports) more than doubled, rising from $2.04 trillion to $5.38 trillion at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.1%. The European Union experienced slightly faster growth, with trade expanding from $1.77 trillion to $5.43 trillion at a 4.8% CAGR.

In 2024, the U.S. and EU had similar trade volumes, but key differences emerged in their trade profiles.

The EU exported $2.8 trillion—34% more than the U.S., which exported $2.1 trillion—while the U.S. imported $3.3 trillion, 25% more than the EU’s $2.6 trillion. This resulted in a $1.2 trillion trade deficit for the U.S., in contrast to the EU’s $160 billion surplus.

Additionally, goods trade represented a larger share of the EU’s economy, accounting for 28.0% of GDP compared to 18.4% for the U.S.

In this visualization, creator Ehsan Soltani explores the shifting dynamics of global trade dominance between the United States and the EU. The data is sourced from the United States Census Bureau and Eurostat.

Shifting Trade Influence: 2020 vs. 2024

In 2000, the European Union was the primary trade partner for much of the world, between the two blocs. However, the United States maintained stronger trade relationships across the Americas (excluding countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Suriname), many major Asian economies (including China, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia), and parts of Africa like Angola, Gabon, and Nigeria.

Partner (Billion US$)	U.S. 2000	EU 2000	Partner (Billion US$)	U.S. 2024	EU 2024
Afghanistan	9	112	Afghanistan	34	325
Albania	29	1,060	Albania	270	7,905
Algeria	3,586	21,028	Algeria	3,476	50,184
Andorra	11	936	Andorra	8	2,023
Angola	3,781	2,355	Angola	2,552	10,279
Anguilla	31	13	Anguilla	74	5
Antigua and Barbuda	140	1,363	Antigua and Barbuda	598	335
Argentina	7,795	10,857	Argentina	16,263	17,734
Armenia	79	370	Armenia	282	2,603
Aruba	1,827	259	Aruba	736	285
Australia	18,920	22,981	Australia	51,279	53,361
Azerbaijan	231	1,248	Azerbaijan	413	19,315
Bahamas	1,344	1,524	Bahamas	7,432	764
Bahrain	787	1,239	Bahrain	2,851	3,816
Bangladesh	2,657	3,546	Bangladesh	10,580	24,014
Barbados	346	224	Barbados	821	201
Belarus	135	2,781	Belarus	31	8,791
Belize	302	175	Belize	672	129
Benin	29	592	Benin	265	785
Bermuda	468	2,271	Bermuda	564	276
Bhutan	2	13	Bhutan	7	20
Bolivia	438	366	Bolivia	905	1,161
Bosnia and Herzegovina	62	2,299	Bosnia and Herzegovina	232	16,456
Botswana	73	663	Botswana	509	984
Brazil	29,173	32,665	Brazil	91,983	96,724
British Indian Ocean Terr.	4	6	Brunei Darussalam	366	274
British Virgin Islands	94	484	Burkina Faso	59	950
Brunei	540	411	Burundi	10	132
Burkina Faso	18	271	Cabo Verde	17	891
Burma	488	489	Cambodia	12,983	6,968
Burundi	10	83	Cameroon	442	5,142
Cabo Verde	11	239	Canada	762,056	81,809
Cambodia	857	440	Cayman Islands	1,336	7,174
Cameroon	215	2,424	Central African Republic	36	113
Canada	409,779	36,870	Chad	141	2,685
Cayman Islands	361	2,090	Chile	34,637	21,748
Central African Republic	5	266	China	690,087	785,559
Chad	15	150	Colombia	36,728	13,948
Chile	6,730	8,012	Comoros	7	84
China	116,203	92,442	Congo (Brazzaville)	277	3,204
Colombia	10,640	4,043	Congo (Kinshasa)	576	4,056
Comoros	4	32	Cook Islands	8	99
Congo (Brazzaville)	614	710	Costa Rica	21,312	7,788
Congo (Kinshasa)	225	1,199	Côte d’Ivoire	1,611	13,381
Costa Rica	5,999	3,106	Cuba	591	1,839
Cote d’Ivoire	479	3,221	Curacao	855	516
Croatia	231	8,081	Djibouti	185	259
Cuba	7	1,983	Dominica	61	60
Djibouti	17	181	Dominican Republic	20,587	4,768
Dominica	44	60	East Timor	25	37
Dominican Republic	8,856	1,391	Ecuador	16,056	8,193
Ecuador	3,276	1,452	Egypt	8,638	35,169
Egypt	4,222	10,931	El Salvador	6,868	1,145
El Salvador	3,713	852	Equatorial Guinea	223	1,786
Equatorial Guinea	250	806	Eritrea	38	66
Eritrea	17	95	Eswatini	69	153
Eswatini	120	142	Ethiopia	1,484	2,435
Ethiopia	194	641	Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	27	380
Falkland Islands(Islas Malvin	3	145	Faroe Islands	251	2,157
Faroe Islands	33	624	Fiji	354	116
Fiji	170	146	French Polynesia	186	1,061
French Polynesia	138	496	French Southern and Antarctic	2	32
Gabon	2,260	1,983	Gabon	343	2,585
Gambia	9	121	Gambia	83	304
Georgia	141	562	Georgia	1,902	5,429
Ghana	396	2,257	Ghana	2,139	6,914
Gibraltar	17	1,240	Gibraltar	651	9,065
Greenland	17	531	Greenland	81	1,679
Grenada	107	41	Grenada	179	79
Guatemala	4,508	898	Guatemala	14,735	3,167
Guinea	156	793	Guinea	145	2,049
Guinea-Bissau	1	46	Guinea-Bissau	4	205
Guyana	299	261	Guyana	6,690	10,958
Haiti	874	120	Haiti	1,831	167
Honduras	5,674	570	Honduras	12,590	2,087
Hong Kong	26,031	30,128	Hong Kong	33,859	30,597
Iceland	516	3,169	Iceland	2,058	9,290
India	14,354	24,392	India	129,169	129,813
Indonesia	12,769	14,807	Indonesia	38,287	29,459
Iran	186	12,822	Iran	97	4,911
Iraq	6,076	6,844	Iraq	9,083	24,126
Israel	20,710	24,734	Israel	37,010	46,025
Jamaica	2,024	871	Jamaica	3,006	734
Japan	211,404	126,549	Japan	227,949	140,887
Jordan	390	1,725	Jordan	5,396	5,202
Kazakhstan	553	4,827	Kazakhstan	3,408	48,628
Kenya	348	1,643	Kenya	1,520	3,635
Kiribati	6	1	Kiribati	5	9
Kuwait	3,568	5,148	Kosovo	83	2,756
Kyrgyzstan	25	194	Kuwait	4,055	13,800
Laos	14	169	Kyrgyzstan	150	3,073
Lebanon	432	2,991	Laos	844	630
Lesotho	141	28	Lebanon	799	5,918
Liberia	89	2,385	Lesotho	240	318
Libya	18	14,402	Liberia	293	1,871
Macao	1,337	970	Libya	2,033	30,544
Macedonia	221	2,355	Liechtenstein	310	2,945
Madagascar	173	898	Macao	384	1,122
Malawi	69	279	Macedonia	234	14,181
Malaysia	36,506	24,691	Madagascar	787	1,864
Maldives	100	148	Malawi	68	453
Mali	42	377	Malaysia	80,240	50,178
Marshall Islands	66	84	Maldives	97	319
Mauritania	17	673	Mali	57	1,243
Mauritius	310	1,911	Marshall Islands	148	2,380
Mexico	247,275	19,941	Mauritania	143	2,035
Micronesia	43	1	Mauritius	283	1,803
Moldova	133	809	Mexico	839,892	89,045
Mongolia	134	123	Micronesia	53	3
Montserrat	11	5	Moldova	190	8,190
Morocco	964	12,885	Mongolia	424	1,026
Mozambique	81	350	Montenegro	43	2,756
Namibia	125	609	Montserrat	18	4
Nauru	5	5	Morocco	7,174	65,493
Nepal	265	249	Mozambique	366	2,882
Netherlands Antilles	1,393	841	Myanmar	734	3,896
New Caledonia	51	766	Namibia	436	2,145
New Zealand	4,050	4,233	Nepal	241	332
Nicaragua	969	320	New Zealand	10,116	8,489
Niger	44	255	Nicaragua	7,563	705
Nigeria	11,260	9,594	Niger	52	538
North Korea	3	335	Nigeria	9,873	32,891
Norway	7,253	67,687	North Korea	2	11
Oman	457	1,222	Norway	11,175	173,652
Pakistan	2,629	4,324	Oman	3,274	5,390
Palau	32	1	Pakistan	7,259	12,972
Panama	1,919	1,903	Palau	23	52
Papua New Guinea	57	309	Palestine	10	373
Paraguay	487	419	Panama	11,258	5,898
Peru	3,655	2,602	Papua New Guinea	146	1,162
Philippines	22,734	12,611	Paraguay	3,515	1,519
Pitcairn Islands	3	2	Peru	20,587	13,326
Qatar	677	1,588	Philippines	23,475	18,186
Russia	9,751	79,582	Qatar	5,638	16,067
Rwanda	24	92	Russia	3,534	73,068
Samoa	70	6	Rwanda	75	477
San Marino	8	200	Samoa	60	6
Sao Tome and Principe	2	43	San Marino	105	514
Saudi Arabia	20,599	25,868	Sao Tome and Principe	2	104
Senegal	86	1,326	Saudi Arabia	25,911	75,666
Serbia and Montenegro	32	3,614	Senegal	586	4,839
Seychelles	15	268	Serbia	1,024	46,473
Sierra Leone	23	290	Seychelles	24	616
Singapore	36,985	30,526	Sierra Leone	149	569
Solomon Islands	6	15	Singapore	89,236	51,975
Somalia	5	41	Sint Maarten	855	150
South Africa	7,299	24,376	Solomon Islands	14	124
South Korea	68,138	40,192	Somalia	52	177
Sri Lanka	2,207	3,297	South Africa	20,475	48,390
St Helena	4	29	South Korea	197,091	133,782
St Kitts and Nevis	95	54	South Sudan	60	59
St Pierre and Miquelon	8	29	Sri Lanka	3,384	4,020
St Vincent and the Grenadines	47	293	St Lucia	1,051	54
St. Lucia	130	103	St Pierre and Miquelon	3	42
Sudan	19	669	St Vincent and the Grenadines	151	93
Suriname	270	276	Sudan	70	656
Switzerland	20,114	125,766	Suriname	474	454
Syria	385	5,067	Switzerland	88,387	356,780
Tajikistan	21	130	Syria	13	397
Tanzania	77	705	Taiwan	158,601	77,240
Thailand	23,003	18,556	Tajikistan	61	612
Togo	17	359	Tanzania	778	2,105
Tonga	12	5	Thailand	81,047	45,341
Trinidad and Tobago	3,329	853	Togo	374	1,316
Tunisia	383	11,900	Tokelau	0	6
Turkey	6,762	46,573	Tonga	23	2
Turkmenistan	112	422	Trinidad and Tobago	6,266	3,174
Turks and Caicos Islands	95	10	Tunisia	1,627	27,163
Tuvalu	–	2	Turkey	32,039	228,001
Uganda	57	449	Turkmenistan	97	1,192
Ukraine	1,063	9,436	Turks and Caicos Islands	725	53
United Arab Emirates	3,256	13,476	Uganda	239	1,962
Uruguay	850	1,207	Ukraine	2,870	72,658
Uzbekistan	199	1,137	United Arab Emirates	34,444	60,144
Vanuatu	2	14	United Kingdom	148,026	546,174
Venezuela	24,173	5,619	Uruguay	2,878	4,148
Vietnam	1,189	5,134	Uzbekistan	423	5,194
Wallis and Futuna	–	8	Vanuatu	21	16
West Bank admin. by Israel	14	73	Venezuela	10,220	3,192
Yemen	445	663	Vietnam	149,659	72,545
Zambia	37	284	Wallis and Futuna Islands	0	24
Zimbabwe	165	975	Yemen	143	646
Zambia	283	793
Zimbabwe	112	856

By 2024, subtle but important shifts in global trade dynamics had occurred. Chile emerged as a stronger U.S. partner. In Asia, the EU overtook the U.S. as China’s main trade partner. In Africa, the United States lost ground, with Angola, Gabon, and Nigeria shifting to the EU, making the bloc the leading trade partner for all African countries. In the Middle East, Jordan switched from the EU to the U.S. as its top partner.

The United States retained its position as the top trade partner for some of Asia’s most export-driven economies: Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand all continued to rely heavily on U.S. demand for their goods.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about global trade, check out: Global Trade Dominance: U.S. vs. China (2000 & 2024)

The post Visualizing Global Trade Dominance: U.S. vs. EU (2000-2024) appeared first on Visual Capitalist.

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