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Wednesday, July 30, 2025
Techcratic
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  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Amazon Nova Act SDK (preview): Path to production for browser automation agents

    Artificial Intelligence

    Benefits of Using LiteLLM for Your LLM Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Fun Generative AI Projects for Absolute Beginners

    Artificial Intelligence

    Vibe Coding Something Useful with Repl.it

    Artificial Intelligence

    Use generative AI in Amazon Bedrock for enhanced recommendation generation in equipment…

    Artificial Intelligence

    The Lifecycle of Feature Engineering: From Raw Data to Model-Ready Inputs

    Artificial Intelligence

    Building End-to-End Data Pipelines: From Data Ingestion to Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    How Rapid7 automates vulnerability risk scores with ML pipelines using Amazon SageMaker AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Build a conversational data assistant, Part 2 – Embedding generative business intelligence with Amazon Q in QuickSight

  • Apple
    Apple @ Work Podcast: Fleet launches iOS device management

    Apple @ Work Podcast: Solving access management and control for small businesses

    How to use a VPN on iPhone

    How to use a VPN on iPhone

    iOS 18.6 is here with two dozen security updates and a Photos app bugfix

    iOS 18.6 is here with two dozen security updates and a Photos app bugfix

    Alarm․com launches new CarPlay app for smart home control

    Alarm․com launches new CarPlay app for smart home control

    Report: Apple nearing deal with Chase for Apple Card partnership

    Report: Apple nearing deal with Chase for Apple Card partnership

    Finally, a PDF editor that doesn’t nickel and dime you—and actually plays nice with your Mac

    Finally, a PDF editor that doesn’t nickel and dime you—and actually plays nice with your Mac

    iOS 26 solves a pesky CarPlay annoyance

    iOS 26 solves a pesky CarPlay annoyance

    MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Apple Watch Ultra 2, more 9to5Mac

    MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Apple Watch Ultra 2, more 9to5Mac

    Apple releases beta 3 for tvOS 18.3 and HomePod 18.3 [U]

    Apple releases tvOS 18.6, HomePod 18.6, more new updates

  • ComputerWorld
    Microsoft is turning Edge into an AI browser

    Microsoft is turning Edge into an AI browser

    Driverless cars are becoming jerks — and they’re safer because of it

    Driverless cars are becoming jerks — and they’re safer because of it

    Zhipu launches GLM-4.5 model as China ramps up open-source AI race

    Zhipu launches GLM-4.5 model as China ramps up open-source AI race

    Alibaba unveils AI-powered smart glasses

    Alibaba unveils AI-powered smart glasses

    Why firewalls and VPN are bad for security

    Why firewalls and VPN are bad for security

    Leena AI unveils conversational AI ‘colleagues’ for the enterprise

    Leena AI unveils conversational AI ‘colleagues’ for the enterprise

    IT buyers are investing in AI PCs — with no clue how to use them

    IT buyers are investing in AI PCs — with no clue how to use them

    Apple wants to build a circular manufacturing economy

    Apple wants to build a circular manufacturing economy

    Trump gets aggressive with new US AI action plan

    Trump gets aggressive with new US AI action plan

  • Gaming
    Pokemon Violet Gameplay Walkthrough: PART 1 – WELCOME TO GEN 9

    Pokemon Violet Gameplay Walkthrough: PART 1 – WELCOME TO GEN 9

    McLaren and Logitech G sign multi-year partnership deal to develop pro-quality racing sim hardware

    New body scanning Wi-Fi tech has me seriously considering ditching my corporeal form in favour of joining the rogue AIs on the net

    Forspoken Review: It's really NOT as bad as the rap its getting

    Forspoken Review: It's really NOT as bad as the rap its getting

    Almost a full year after announcing it, Micron finally launches the world’s first PCIe 6.0 SSD with up to 28 GB/s sequential read speeds

    Almost a full year after announcing it, Micron finally launches the world’s first PCIe 6.0 SSD with up to 28 GB/s sequential read speeds

    Sonic Frontiers and its Inspirations (no spoilers review)

    Sonic Frontiers and its Inspirations (no spoilers review)

    Gotham Knights: Reviewing A Review

    Gotham Knights: Reviewing A Review

    Facility of Rizriz – Full Gameplay Walkthroughs + All Jumpscares & Ending (Garten of

    Facility of Rizriz – Full Gameplay Walkthroughs + All Jumpscares & Ending (Garten of

    The latest SSDs from Micron are focussed on improving AI Data Centre performance

    The latest SSDs from Micron are focussed on improving AI Data Centre performance

    In the Shadow of the Study Walkthrough | Hogwarts Legacy

    In the Shadow of the Study Walkthrough | Hogwarts Legacy

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Video Game Trader Winter 2014

    Retro Rewind: Video Game Trader Winter 2014

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

  • Tech Art
    Cara Edit Vector Art | Cartoon Portrait Logo – Picsart Tutorial

    Cara Edit Vector Art | Cartoon Portrait Logo – Picsart Tutorial

    Stevie Nicks Collage / Mixed Media Portrait

    Stevie Nicks Collage / Mixed Media Portrait

    British Museum in London England Virtual Tour

    British Museum in London England Virtual Tour

    Vintage Bottle / Antique Bottle Art / Mixed Media Art / Home decor

    Vintage Bottle / Antique Bottle Art / Mixed Media Art / Home decor

    AK Interactive Gen 3 paints: Testing and review using hand brush and airbrush

    AK Interactive Gen 3 paints: Testing and review using hand brush and airbrush

    Wolf head sculpting

    Wolf head sculpting

    COMO DIBUJAR UN HUEVO DE CHOCOLATE en PIXEL ART – PIXELADOS

    COMO DIBUJAR UN HUEVO DE CHOCOLATE en PIXEL ART – PIXELADOS

    Jay Zee’s approach to generative art

    Jay Zee’s approach to generative art

    Easy Flower Painting Ideas ll Painting Ideas ll Brush Painting #creativeart

    Easy Flower Painting Ideas ll Painting Ideas ll Brush Painting #creativeart

  • Tech Deals
    MSI MPG 321CURX QD-OLED 32-inch 3840 x 2160 (UHD) Computer Monitor, 240Hz,…

    MSI MPG 321CURX QD-OLED 32-inch 3840 x 2160 (UHD) Computer Monitor, 240Hz,…

    Thermaltake LCGS Quartz i1460 Gaming Desktop (Intel Core i5-14400F, ToughRam DDR4…

    Thermaltake LCGS Quartz i1460 Gaming Desktop (Intel Core i5-14400F, ToughRam DDR4…

    TOSHIBA Countertop Microwave Oven Air Fryer Combo, Inverter, Convection, Broil, Speedy…

    TOSHIBA Countertop Microwave Oven Air Fryer Combo, Inverter, Convection, Broil, Speedy…

    6V AC Adapter for Nordictrack Act Elliptical Power Cord: UL Listed Extra Long 6.5 Ft…

    6V AC Adapter for Nordictrack Act Elliptical Power Cord: UL Listed Extra Long 6.5 Ft…

    Canon EOS R10 Mirrorless Camera RF-S18-45mm F4.5-6.3 is STM Lens Kit, Hybrid Camera,…

    Canon EOS R10 Mirrorless Camera RF-S18-45mm F4.5-6.3 is STM Lens Kit, Hybrid Camera,…

    GIGABYTE X870 AORUS Elite WIFI7 AMD AM5 LGA 1718 Motherboard, ATX, DDR5, 4X M.2, PCIe…

    GIGABYTE X870 AORUS Elite WIFI7 AMD AM5 LGA 1718 Motherboard, ATX, DDR5, 4X M.2, PCIe…

    Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder’s Revenge – Xbox One

    Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder’s Revenge – Xbox One

    Hello Kitty Island Adventure – Deluxe Edition Nintendo Switch

    Hello Kitty Island Adventure – Deluxe Edition Nintendo Switch

    World of Outlaws Dirt Racing – Standard Edition PlayStation 4

    World of Outlaws Dirt Racing – Standard Edition PlayStation 4

  • Techs Got To Eat
    Strawberry Shortcake Mug Cake: In Minutes Your Summer Bliss Dessert

    Strawberry Shortcake Mug Cake: In Minutes Your Summer Bliss Dessert

    Molten Bacon Lasagna Mug: Crispy, Cheesy & Ready In 5 Minutes

    Molten Bacon Lasagna Mug: Crispy, Cheesy & Ready In 5 Minutes

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

  • Tesla
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    Cyber Truck Hooks for Tesla Cybertruck 2024-2025 – Standard Set of 4, Grocery Bag Hanger…

    2026 5PCS Center Console Organizer Tray for Model Y Juniper Model 3 Highland Center…

    2026 5PCS Center Console Organizer Tray for Model Y Juniper Model 3 Highland Center…

    Custom Fit Floor Mats for 2020-2023 Tesla Model 3,6 Pack TPE Floor Liners Compatible…

    Custom Fit Floor Mats for 2020-2023 Tesla Model 3,6 Pack TPE Floor Liners Compatible…

    Steering Wheel Trim Cover for Tesla Model 3/Y, for Tesla Model 3/Y Steering Lever Gear…

    Steering Wheel Trim Cover for Tesla Model 3/Y, for Tesla Model 3/Y Steering Lever Gear…

    Dash Cam Front and Rear, 1080P Dash Camera for Cars, 3 Channel Car Camera Front Rear and…

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    Coverado Seat Covers, Car Seat Covers Front Seats, Car Seat Cover, Car Seat Protector…

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    Foot Pedal Pads Set for 2022-2025 Tesla Model 3 Model Y, Non-Slip Aluminum+Rubber Car…

    Foot Pedal Pads Set for 2022-2025 Tesla Model 3 Model Y, Non-Slip Aluminum+Rubber Car…

    Level 2 EV Charger for Tesla, 40A 240V 9.6kW Portable NACS EV Charger with NEMA 14-50…

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    BestEvMod 13PCS Speaker Cover Trim Kits Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2025 2024…

    BestEvMod 13PCS Speaker Cover Trim Kits Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2025 2024…

  • UFO
    #shorts UFO Sightings Uncovered

    #shorts UFO Sightings Uncovered

    P-51 vs UFO

    Super Bright 250w UFO LED High Bay Light 35000lm with Plug 5ft Cable (Eqv.1000w Mh/Hps/Hid),5000k High Bay Led Shop Lights Garage Lighting for Garage Factory Workshop Warehouse Barn -6pack

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    The Anunnaki : Gods, Angels, or Ancient aliens?

    The Anunnaki : Gods, Angels, or Ancient aliens?

    Big Dot of Happiness Outer Space Galaxy Classroom Name Tags – DIY Desk Locker Labels, Double-Sided Cardstock Paper, 32 Cards with 2 Designs, 5.25 x 3 Inch Student Name Plates

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    UFO landed in Germany: Aliens are Clearly Visible Behind it: ufo sightings worldwide

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    MindBlowing Encounter with Extraterrestrial Object #shorts #joerogan #aliens #english

  • AI
    Artificial Intelligence

    Amazon Nova Act SDK (preview): Path to production for browser automation agents

    Artificial Intelligence

    Benefits of Using LiteLLM for Your LLM Apps

    Artificial Intelligence

    5 Fun Generative AI Projects for Absolute Beginners

    Artificial Intelligence

    Vibe Coding Something Useful with Repl.it

    Artificial Intelligence

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    Artificial Intelligence

    The Lifecycle of Feature Engineering: From Raw Data to Model-Ready Inputs

    Artificial Intelligence

    Building End-to-End Data Pipelines: From Data Ingestion to Analysis

    Artificial Intelligence

    How Rapid7 automates vulnerability risk scores with ML pipelines using Amazon SageMaker AI

    Artificial Intelligence

    Build a conversational data assistant, Part 2 – Embedding generative business intelligence with Amazon Q in QuickSight

  • Apple
    Apple @ Work Podcast: Fleet launches iOS device management

    Apple @ Work Podcast: Solving access management and control for small businesses

    How to use a VPN on iPhone

    How to use a VPN on iPhone

    iOS 18.6 is here with two dozen security updates and a Photos app bugfix

    iOS 18.6 is here with two dozen security updates and a Photos app bugfix

    Alarm․com launches new CarPlay app for smart home control

    Alarm․com launches new CarPlay app for smart home control

    Report: Apple nearing deal with Chase for Apple Card partnership

    Report: Apple nearing deal with Chase for Apple Card partnership

    Finally, a PDF editor that doesn’t nickel and dime you—and actually plays nice with your Mac

    Finally, a PDF editor that doesn’t nickel and dime you—and actually plays nice with your Mac

    iOS 26 solves a pesky CarPlay annoyance

    iOS 26 solves a pesky CarPlay annoyance

    MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Apple Watch Ultra 2, more 9to5Mac

    MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Apple Watch Ultra 2, more 9to5Mac

    Apple releases beta 3 for tvOS 18.3 and HomePod 18.3 [U]

    Apple releases tvOS 18.6, HomePod 18.6, more new updates

  • ComputerWorld
    Microsoft is turning Edge into an AI browser

    Microsoft is turning Edge into an AI browser

    Driverless cars are becoming jerks — and they’re safer because of it

    Driverless cars are becoming jerks — and they’re safer because of it

    Zhipu launches GLM-4.5 model as China ramps up open-source AI race

    Zhipu launches GLM-4.5 model as China ramps up open-source AI race

    Alibaba unveils AI-powered smart glasses

    Alibaba unveils AI-powered smart glasses

    Why firewalls and VPN are bad for security

    Why firewalls and VPN are bad for security

    Leena AI unveils conversational AI ‘colleagues’ for the enterprise

    Leena AI unveils conversational AI ‘colleagues’ for the enterprise

    IT buyers are investing in AI PCs — with no clue how to use them

    IT buyers are investing in AI PCs — with no clue how to use them

    Apple wants to build a circular manufacturing economy

    Apple wants to build a circular manufacturing economy

    Trump gets aggressive with new US AI action plan

    Trump gets aggressive with new US AI action plan

  • Gaming
    Pokemon Violet Gameplay Walkthrough: PART 1 – WELCOME TO GEN 9

    Pokemon Violet Gameplay Walkthrough: PART 1 – WELCOME TO GEN 9

    McLaren and Logitech G sign multi-year partnership deal to develop pro-quality racing sim hardware

    New body scanning Wi-Fi tech has me seriously considering ditching my corporeal form in favour of joining the rogue AIs on the net

    Forspoken Review: It's really NOT as bad as the rap its getting

    Forspoken Review: It's really NOT as bad as the rap its getting

    Almost a full year after announcing it, Micron finally launches the world’s first PCIe 6.0 SSD with up to 28 GB/s sequential read speeds

    Almost a full year after announcing it, Micron finally launches the world’s first PCIe 6.0 SSD with up to 28 GB/s sequential read speeds

    Sonic Frontiers and its Inspirations (no spoilers review)

    Sonic Frontiers and its Inspirations (no spoilers review)

    Gotham Knights: Reviewing A Review

    Gotham Knights: Reviewing A Review

    Facility of Rizriz – Full Gameplay Walkthroughs + All Jumpscares & Ending (Garten of

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    The latest SSDs from Micron are focussed on improving AI Data Centre performance

    The latest SSDs from Micron are focussed on improving AI Data Centre performance

    In the Shadow of the Study Walkthrough | Hogwarts Legacy

    In the Shadow of the Study Walkthrough | Hogwarts Legacy

  • Retro Rewind
    Retro Rewind: Video Game Trader Winter 2014

    Retro Rewind: Video Game Trader Winter 2014

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Games April 1995

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 55 February 1994

    Retro Rewind: Electronic Gaming Monthly Magazine Number 57 April 1994

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: Blast from the Past – 35 Iconic Commercials of 1988!

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: PC World Magazine August 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: Computer Shopper Magazine September 1997

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: PC Magazine December 2015

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: EDGE Magazine RETRO #1: The Guide to Classic Videogame Playing and Collecting

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

    Retro Rewind: Computer Gaming World Magazine Issue 73 December 1998

  • Tech Art
    Cara Edit Vector Art | Cartoon Portrait Logo – Picsart Tutorial

    Cara Edit Vector Art | Cartoon Portrait Logo – Picsart Tutorial

    Stevie Nicks Collage / Mixed Media Portrait

    Stevie Nicks Collage / Mixed Media Portrait

    British Museum in London England Virtual Tour

    British Museum in London England Virtual Tour

    Vintage Bottle / Antique Bottle Art / Mixed Media Art / Home decor

    Vintage Bottle / Antique Bottle Art / Mixed Media Art / Home decor

    AK Interactive Gen 3 paints: Testing and review using hand brush and airbrush

    AK Interactive Gen 3 paints: Testing and review using hand brush and airbrush

    Wolf head sculpting

    Wolf head sculpting

    COMO DIBUJAR UN HUEVO DE CHOCOLATE en PIXEL ART – PIXELADOS

    COMO DIBUJAR UN HUEVO DE CHOCOLATE en PIXEL ART – PIXELADOS

    Jay Zee’s approach to generative art

    Jay Zee’s approach to generative art

    Easy Flower Painting Ideas ll Painting Ideas ll Brush Painting #creativeart

    Easy Flower Painting Ideas ll Painting Ideas ll Brush Painting #creativeart

  • Tech Deals
    MSI MPG 321CURX QD-OLED 32-inch 3840 x 2160 (UHD) Computer Monitor, 240Hz,…

    MSI MPG 321CURX QD-OLED 32-inch 3840 x 2160 (UHD) Computer Monitor, 240Hz,…

    Thermaltake LCGS Quartz i1460 Gaming Desktop (Intel Core i5-14400F, ToughRam DDR4…

    Thermaltake LCGS Quartz i1460 Gaming Desktop (Intel Core i5-14400F, ToughRam DDR4…

    TOSHIBA Countertop Microwave Oven Air Fryer Combo, Inverter, Convection, Broil, Speedy…

    TOSHIBA Countertop Microwave Oven Air Fryer Combo, Inverter, Convection, Broil, Speedy…

    6V AC Adapter for Nordictrack Act Elliptical Power Cord: UL Listed Extra Long 6.5 Ft…

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    Canon EOS R10 Mirrorless Camera RF-S18-45mm F4.5-6.3 is STM Lens Kit, Hybrid Camera,…

    Canon EOS R10 Mirrorless Camera RF-S18-45mm F4.5-6.3 is STM Lens Kit, Hybrid Camera,…

    GIGABYTE X870 AORUS Elite WIFI7 AMD AM5 LGA 1718 Motherboard, ATX, DDR5, 4X M.2, PCIe…

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    Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder’s Revenge – Xbox One

    Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Shredder’s Revenge – Xbox One

    Hello Kitty Island Adventure – Deluxe Edition Nintendo Switch

    Hello Kitty Island Adventure – Deluxe Edition Nintendo Switch

    World of Outlaws Dirt Racing – Standard Edition PlayStation 4

    World of Outlaws Dirt Racing – Standard Edition PlayStation 4

  • Techs Got To Eat
    Strawberry Shortcake Mug Cake: In Minutes Your Summer Bliss Dessert

    Strawberry Shortcake Mug Cake: In Minutes Your Summer Bliss Dessert

    Molten Bacon Lasagna Mug: Crispy, Cheesy & Ready In 5 Minutes

    Molten Bacon Lasagna Mug: Crispy, Cheesy & Ready In 5 Minutes

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Bacon & Spinach Mug Quiche: 3-Minute Gourmet Breakfast

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Cheesy Broccoli Rice Mug: 5-Minute Super Comfort Food

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Top 10 Vegetarian Recipes for 2025: Easy and Nutritious Meals for Busy People

    Bacon Mug Lasagna: 5-Minute Microwave Meat Lover’s Dream

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    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon Fried Rice Mug: 5-Minute Microwave Meal

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Bacon & Cheddar Mug Biscuit: 2-Minute Savory Comfort

    Loaded Bacon Cheesy Potato Mug: 5-Minute Comfort Food

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  • Tesla
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    BestEvMod 13PCS Speaker Cover Trim Kits Compatible with Tesla Cybertruck 2025 2024…

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  • UFO
    #shorts UFO Sightings Uncovered

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    P-51 vs UFO

    Super Bright 250w UFO LED High Bay Light 35000lm with Plug 5ft Cable (Eqv.1000w Mh/Hps/Hid),5000k High Bay Led Shop Lights Garage Lighting for Garage Factory Workshop Warehouse Barn -6pack

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    MindBlowing Encounter with Extraterrestrial Object #shorts #joerogan #aliens #english

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Home Hacker News

Discovering a JDK Race Condition, and Debugging it in 30 Minutes with Fray

Hacker News by Hacker News
June 7, 2025
in Hacker News
Reading Time: 17 mins read
125
A A
0

2025-06-07 15:01:00
aoli.al

I’ve been adding more integration tests for Fray recently. To ensure Fray can handle different scenarios, I wrote many creative test cases. Many of them passed as expected, while some failures led to epic fixes in Fray. Then something unexpected happened: Fray threw a deadlock exception while testing the following seemingly innocent code:

 1private void test() {
 2    ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
 3    // Shutdown thread.
 4    new Thread(() -> {
 5        executor.shutdown();
 6    }).start();
 7    try {
 8        ScheduledFuture> future = executor.schedule(() -> {
 9            Thread.yield();
10        }, 10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
11        try {
12            future.get();
13            Thread.yield();
14        } catch (Throwable e) {}
15    } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {}
16}

This code creates a ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor, schedules a task, and shuts down the executor in another thread. Initially, I suspected a bug in Fray, but after investigation, I discovered that the deadlock was actually caused by a bug in the JDK itself.

Debugging this issue was straightforward thanks to Fray’s deterministic replay and schedule visualization. To understand the deadlock, let’s first take a look of the implementation of ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor:

 1public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor implements ScheduledExecutorService {
 2    public Future> schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
 3        // ...
 4        RunnableScheduledFuture> task = decorateTask(...);
 5        // delayedExecute method
 6        super.getQueue().add(task);
 7
 8        // addWorker method
 9        for (int c = ctl.get();;) {
10            if (runStateAtLeast(c, SHUTDOWN)
11                && (runStateAtLeast(c, STOP)
12                    || firstTask != null
13                    || workQueue.isEmpty()))
14                return ...;
15            // add task to a worker thread
16        }
17        return task;
18    }
19
20    public void shutdown() {
21        // tryTerminate method
22        int c = ctl.get();
23        if (isRunning(c) ||
24            runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
25            (runStateLessThan(c, STOP) && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
26            return;
27        if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) { // Eligible to terminate
28            interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
29            return;
30        }
31
32        if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0))) {
33            //...
34            ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
35        }
36    }
37}

Bug Behavior

The ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor schedules tasks by adding them to a work queue and executing them in worker threads. Depending on the executor’s state, users would expect the following behavior:

State ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.schedule FutureTask.get
RUNNING returns task blocks until task completes
SHUTDOWN throws RejectedExecutionException throws CancellationException

However, Fray revealed that when the ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor is in the SHUTDOWN state, the FutureTask.get method may block indefinitely waiting for the task to complete.

How the Bug Occurs

The bug manifests when Fray interleaves the schedule method and the shutdown method. At line 9 of ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.schedule, the executor tries to add a new worker to execute tasks. It first checks whether the executor is in a state that allows the task to run. If the executor is in the SHUTDOWN state, the schedule method assumes that the shutdown process will terminate the task, so it simply returns (Line 14) without creating a new worker thread. However, this assumption breaks when the shutdown method transitions to the SHUTDOWN state but will not terminate the task, leaving it in a limbo state.

The following stack traces illustrate the problematic interleaving. The main thread (test worker) is going to create a new worker for the task, while the shutdown thread (Thread-3) is executing tryTerminate and setting the state to TIDYING.

Next, Fray yields to the main thread, which performs the condition check at line 10 of ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.schedule. The executor is now in the TIDYING state, making both runStateAtLeast(c, SHUTDOWN) and runStateAtLeast(c, STOP) return true. The schedule method then returns the task without adding to a worker.

Meanwhile, in the shutdown thread, execution reaches ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0)) at line 16 of ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.shutdown. The ctl is set to TERMINATED, and the shutdown thread completes. At this point, no thread will execute or interrupt the task, leaving it blocked forever.

More Details

While the bug is conceptually simple, reaching this state is not straightforward because ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor and ThreadPoolExecutor are designed to prevent such situations. For example, in the tryTerminate method (Line 23-29), ThreadPoolExecutor checks whether the work queue is empty and workers are interrupted before setting the state to TIDYING. However, Fray demonstrates that this check can be bypassed if execution of super.getQueue().add(task) in the main thread is paused until the shutdown thread reaches the ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0)) statement—a classic race condition.

Debugging with Fray

Imagine discovering this bug in your codebase. You observe a thread blocked on FutureTask.get, but you don’t understand why. You cannot reproduce the bug because when you rerun the test, the deadlock disappears. Adding logging makes it disappear. Using a debugger makes it disappear. This is the notorious “Heisenbug” phenomenon common in concurrent programming.

This time, with Fray, you get a deterministic replay file that allows you to replay the execution step by step. You can observe the exact thread interleaving that triggers the bug and visualize the thread scheduling to understand the root cause.

Try it Yourself!

To experience this yourself, clone the JDK bug repository and open it with IntelliJ IDEA.

Then download the Fray plugin.

In IntelliJ IDEA, open the ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest class and navigate to the testWithFray method.
Click the Run icon (▶️) next to the testWithFray method, select the first Run 'ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest.testWithFray()' button, and then select frayTest. If Fray finds the bug, it will display messages in the Run tool window.

Look for the output 2025-06-07 13:58:06 [INFO]: The recording is saved to PATH_TO_REPLAY_FILE and note this path for replaying the bug.

Replay and Understand the Bug

Copy the path to the replay file, navigate to the replayWithFray method, and paste the path into the replay field in the @ConcurrencyTest annotation. Click the Run icon () next to the replayWithFray method, select Replay (Fray) 'ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest.replayWithFray()', and then select frayTest.

Fray will replay the bug and pause at each context switch point (e.g., when the main thread is paused and yields to the shutdown thread). You can click the “Next step” button to step through the replay and observe how the bug unfolds. The Fray debugger also visualizes the thread timeline and highlights the currently executing lines in the editor.

Note that Fray is designed for application concurrency testing, so it hides highlights in JDK methods by default—you may only see highlights in the test code itself. However, since this capability proves valuable for testing the JDK, we plan to add a feature to show highlights in JDK methods in future releases.

Reporting the Bug

When submitting this bug report, I created a patch for the JDK that adds sleep statements to trigger the bug. However, the JDK team didn’t include this patch in the public bug report. Instead, the final report only described how to reproduce the bug using Fray.

Happy debugging.

Source Link


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