2025-06-25 11:36:00
github.com
AGL is a language that compiles to Go.
It uses Go’s syntax, in fact its lexer/parser is a fork of the original Go implementation, with a few modifications
The main differences are:
- Functions return only a single value. This makes it possible to use types like
Option[T]
andResult[T]
, and to support automatic error propagation via an operator. - To make returning multiple values easy, a Tuple type has been introduced. For example:
Result[(u8, string, bool)]
- AGL can be used as a scripting language
Notable change: number types are int i8 i16 i32 i64 uint u8 u16 u32 u64 f32 f64
- Tuple
- Enum
- Error propagation operators (
?
for Option[T] /!
for Result[T]) - Concise anonymous function with type inferred arguments (
other := someArr.Filter({ $0 % 2 == 0 })
) - Array built-in Map/Reduce/Filter/Find/Sum methods
- Operator overloading
- Compile down to Go code
- VSCode extension & LSP (language server protocol)
- Shell “shebang” support
go build // Build the "agl" executable
./agl main.agl // Output Go code in stdout
./agl run main.agl // Run the code directly and output the result in stdout
./agl build main.agl // Create a main.go file
package main
import "fmt"
func getInt() int! { // `int!` means the function return a `Result[int]`
return Ok(42)
}
func intermediate() int! {
num := getInt()! // Propagate 'Err' value to the caller
return Ok(num + 1)
}
func main() {
num := intermediate()! // crash on 'Err' value
fmt.Println(num)
}
package main
import "fmt"
func maybeInt() int? { // `int?` means the the function return an `Option[int]`
return Some(42)
}
func intermediate() int? {
num := maybeInt()? // Propagate 'None' value to the caller
return Some(num + 1)
}
func main() {
num := intermediate()? // crash on 'None' value
fmt.Println(num)
}
package main
type Person struct { Name string }
func (p Person) MaybeSelf() Person? {
return Some(p)
}
func main() {
bob := Person{Name: "bob"}
bob.MaybeSelf()?.MaybeSelf()?.MaybeSelf()?
}
This pattern works with any of Ok
|Err
|Some
func maybeInt() int? { Some(42) } // Implicit return when a single expression is present
func main() {
if Some(num) := maybeInt() {
fmt.Println(num)
}
}
package main
import "fmt"
func getInt() int! { Ok(42) }
func maybeInt() int? { Some(42) }
func main() {
match getInt() {
case Ok(num):
fmt.Println("Num:", num)
case Err(err):
fmt.Println("Error:", err)
}
match maybeInt() {
case Some(num):
fmt.Println("Num:", num)
case None:
fmt.Println("No value")
}
}
or_break
/or_continue
will break
/continue
on a None
/Err
value
package main
import "fmt"
import "time"
func test(i int) int? {
if i >= 2 {
return None
}
return Some(i)
}
func main() {
for i := 0; i 10; i++ {
res := test(i) or_break // `res` has type `int`
fmt.Println(res) // will print the value `0` and `1`
time.Sleep(time.Second)
}
}
Arguments are mapped into $0
|$1
…
In this example, x
becomes $0
when using the short form.
Lang | Expression |
---|---|
Go | utils.Filter(arr, func(x int) bool { return x % 2 == 0 }) |
AGL | arr.Filter({ $0 % 2 == 0 }) |
Since the function is expected to return something and there is only one expression, it will be returned automatically.
package main
type Person struct {
Name string
Age int
}
func main() {
arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
sum := arr.Filter({ $0 % 2 == 0 }).Map({ $0 + 1 }).Sum()
assert(sum == 8)
p1 := Person{Name: "foo", Age: 18}
p2 := Person{Name: "bar", Age: 19}
people := []Person{p1, p2}
names := people.Map({ $0.Name }).Joined(", ")
sumAge := people.Map({ $0.Age }).Sum()
assert(names == "foo, bar")
assert(sumAge == 37)
}
package main
import "fmt"
type IpAddr enum {
v4(u8, u8, u8, u8)
v6(string)
}
func main() {
// enum values can be destructured
addr1 := IpAddr.v4(127, 0, 0, 1)
a, b, c, d := addr1
// tuple can be destructured
tuple := (1, "hello", true)
e, f, g := tuple
fmt.Println(a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
}
package main
type Person struct {
Name string
Age int
}
func (p Person) == (other Person) bool {
return p.Age == other.Age
}
func main() {
p1 := Person{Name: "foo", Age: 42}
p2 := Person{Name: "bar", Age: 42}
assert(p1 == p2) // People of the same age are obviously equal!
}
package main
import "fmt"
func (v agl.Vec[T]) Even() []T {
out := make([]T, 0)
for _, el := range v {
if el % 2 == 0 {
out = append(out, el)
}
}
return out
}
func main() {
arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
res := arr.Even().Filter({ $0 6 }).Map({ $0 + 1 })
// ^^^^^^ new method available
fmt.Println(res) // [3 5 7]
}
Methods can have generic type parameters
func (v agl.Vec[T]) MyMap[R any](clb func(T) R) []R {
out := make([]R, 0)
for _, el := range v {
out = append(out, clb(el))
}
return out
}
You can also extend for a specific type of vector
func (v agl.Vec[string]) MyJoined(sep string) string {
return strings.Join(v, sep)
}
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
)
func main() {
os.WriteFile("test.txt", []byte("test"), 0755)!
by := os.ReadFile("test.txt")!
fmt.Println(string(by))
}
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"io"
)
func main() {
req := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://google.com", None)!
c := http.Client{}
resp := c.Do(req)!
defer resp.Body.Close()
by := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)!
fmt.Println(string(by))
}
#!/usr/bin/env agl run
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello AGL!")
}
$ chmod +x hello.agl
$ ./hello.agl
Hello AGL!
Keep your files stored safely and securely with the SanDisk 2TB Extreme Portable SSD. With over 69,505 ratings and an impressive 4.6 out of 5 stars, this product has been purchased over 8K+ times in the past month. At only $129.99, this Amazon’s Choice product is a must-have for secure file storage.
Help keep private content private with the included password protection featuring 256-bit AES hardware encryption. Order now for just $129.99 on Amazon!
Help Power Techcratic’s Future – Scan To Support
If Techcratic’s content and insights have helped you, consider giving back by supporting the platform with crypto. Every contribution makes a difference, whether it’s for high-quality content, server maintenance, or future updates. Techcratic is constantly evolving, and your support helps drive that progress.
As a solo operator who wears all the hats, creating content, managing the tech, and running the site, your support allows me to stay focused on delivering valuable resources. Your support keeps everything running smoothly and enables me to continue creating the content you love. I’m deeply grateful for your support, it truly means the world to me! Thank you!
BITCOIN bc1qlszw7elx2qahjwvaryh0tkgg8y68enw30gpvge Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app |
DOGECOIN D64GwvvYQxFXYyan3oQCrmWfidf6T3JpBA Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app |
ETHEREUM 0xe9BC980DF3d985730dA827996B43E4A62CCBAA7a Scan the QR code with your crypto wallet app |
Please read the Privacy and Security Disclaimer on how Techcratic handles your support.
Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, Techcratic may earn from qualifying purchases.